The court originates from the old Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories. Two years after Alberta became a province in 1905, the court was reorganized as the Supreme Court of Alberta and several lower district courts possessing a more limited jurisdiction. In 1921, the Supreme Court was reorganized to have an independent trial division, and an independent appellate division, the precursor to the Court of Appeal of Alberta. It was not until June 30, 1979, that the Supreme Court Trial Division received its current name as the "Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta". The district courts created in 1907 were amalgamated into the District Court of Northern Alberta and the District Court of Southern Alberta in 1935, merging altogether into the District Court of Alberta in 1975. In 1979, it merged for the last time, this time back with the Supreme Court, into the Court of Queen's Bench.
Structure
The court consists of a chief justice of the court, two associate chief justices, and several judges including those judges who have elected supernumerary status after many years of service and after having attained eligibility for retirement. A justice of the Court of Appeal of Alberta is an ex officio justice of the Court of Queen's Bench and may sit on that court. Likewise, a justice of the Court of Queen's Bench may sit on a panel of the Court of Appeal, by invitation of the chief justice of Alberta. The chief justice of Alberta and the chief justice of the Court of the Queen's Bench are distinct offices. The former is the chief justice of the province and sits on the Court of Appeal, while the latter is the chief justice of a court and sits on the Court of Queen's Bench. The province is divided into 11 districts with court sitting in 13 different locations. In 2010 the locations were:
Although provincial superior courts are administered by the provinces, they are considered to be Section 96 courts. Therefore, appointments to the court are within federal jurisdiction and made by cabinet.
Styling
The Court of Queen's Bench Act sets out the styling convention of the court in Section 2. During the reign of a queen, it is known as the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta. Should the monarchy be vested in a king, it will be known as the Court of King's Bench of Alberta.