Counts of Andechs


The House of Andechs was a feudal line of German princes in the 12th and 13th century. The Counts of Dießen-Andechs obtained territories in northern Dalmatia on the Adriatic seacoast, where they became Margraves of Istria and ultimately dukes of a short-lived imperial state named Merania from 1180 to 1248.

History

The noble family originally resided in southwestern Bavaria at the castle of Ambras near Innsbruck, controlling the road to the March of Verona across the Brenner Pass, at Dießen am Ammersee and Wolfratshausen. One Count Rasso is documented in Dießen, who allegedly fought against the invading Magyars in the early 10th century and established the monastery of Grafrath. By their ancestor Count Palatine Berthold of Reisensburg, a grandson of the Bavarian duke Arnulf the Bad, the Andechser may be affiliated with the Luitpolding dynasty. Berthold appears a fierce enemy of King Otto I of Germany and was blamed as a traitor at the 955 Battle of Lechfeld against the Hungarians. He probably married a daughter of Duke Frederick I of Upper Lorraine; his descendant Count Berthold II, from about 1100 residing at Andechs, is credited as the progenitor of the comital dynasty.
Berthold II had inherited the family's Bavarian territories but also acquired possessions in the adjacent Franconian region, where about 1135 he had the Plassenburg built near Bayreuth and established the town of Kulmbach. He served as vogt of Benediktbeuern Abbey and by marriage with Sophie, daughter of Margrave Poppo II, came into property of lands in the March of Istria and Carniola.
In the year 1180, the County of Andechs acquired the town of Innsbruck.
Otto II of Andechs was bishop of Bamberg in 1177–1196. In 1208, when Philip of Swabia, King of the Germans was assassinated at Bamberg by Otto VIII of Wittelsbach, members of the house of Andechs were implicated.
Saint Hedwig of Andechs was one of eight children born to Berthold IV, Duke of Merania, Count of Dießen-Andechs and Margrave of Istria. Of her four brothers, two became bishops, Ekbert of Bamberg, and Berthold, Patriarch of Aquileia.
Otto succeeded his father as Duke of Dalmatia, and Henry became Margrave of Istria. Of her three sisters, Gertrude of Andechs-Merania was the first wife of Andrew II of Hungary and the mother of St Elizabeth of Hungary; Mechtilde became Abbess of Kitzingen; while Agnes, a famous beauty, was made the illegitimate third wife of Philip II of France in 1196, on the repudiation of his lawful wife, Ingeborg, but was dismissed in 1200, after Pope Innocent III laid France under an interdict.

Genealogy

  1. Arnold IV, Count of Dießen, married to Gisela of Schweinfurt, daughter of Duke Otto III of Swabia
  2. #Berthold , Count of Dießen and Andechs in Bavaria, Count of Plassenburg and Kulmbach in Franconia, Vogt of Benediktbeuern Abbey, married Sophia, daughter of Margrave Poppo II of Istria, secondly married to Kunigunde of Vornbach
  3. ##Poppo
  4. ###Henry, Abbot of Millstatt
  5. ##Margrave Berthold I of Istria, married to Hedwig, daughter of Count Otto IV of Wittelsbach, secondly to Luitgard, daughter of King Sweyn III of Denmark
  6. ###Berthold IV, Duke of Merania, married to Agnes of Wettin, daughter of Margrave Dedi III of Lusatia
  7. ####Otto I, Duke of Merania, Count Palatine of Burgundy, Margrave of Istria, married to Beatrice of Hohenstaufen, daughter of Count Otto I of Burgundy, secondly to Sophia of Ascania, daughter of Count Henry I of Anhalt
  8. #####Otto III, Count of Burgundy, Duke of Merania, married to Elizabeth, daughter of Count Adalbert IV of Tyrol
  9. #####Agnes, married to the last Babenberg duke Frederick II of Austria, secondly to the last Sponheim duke Ulric III of Carinthia
  10. #####Beatrix, married to the Ascanian count Herman II of Weimar-Orlamünde
  11. #####Margaret, married to Přemysl of Moravia, son of King Ottokar I of Bohemia, secondly to Count Frederick of Truhendingen
  12. #####Adelaide, married to Count Hugh III of Burgundy, secondly to Count Philip I of Savoy
  13. #####Elizabeth, married to the Hohenzollern burgrave Frederick III of Nuremberg
  14. ####Henry, Margrave of Istria, married to Sophia of Weichselburg
  15. ####Ekbert Bishop of Bamberg
  16. ####Berthold, Archbishop of Kalocsa, Patriarch of Aquileia
  17. ####Agnes, married to King Philip II of France
  18. ####Gertrude, married to King Andrew II of Hungary
  19. ####Saint Hedwig, Abbess of Kitzingen
  20. ####unnamed daughter, married into the royal Nemanjic family of Serbia
  21. ###Sophia, married to Count Poppo VI of Henneberg
  22. ###Kunigunde, married to Count Eberhard III of Eberstein
  23. ###Mechtild, married to Count Frederick I of Hohenburg, secondly to Count Engelbert III of Görz
  24. ###Poppo, Bishop of Bamberg
  25. ###Bertha, Abbess of Gerbstedt
  26. ##Otto, Bishop of Brixen and Bamberg
  27. ##Mechtildis of Edelstetten
  28. ##Euphemia, Abbess of Altomünster
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  35. ##Kunigunde, nun in Abbey
  36. ##The Count Justin di Cristofaro I
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A history of the House of Andechs was written by the statesman and historian Joseph Hormayr, Baron zu Hortenburg, and published in 1796.