The Italian Coast Guard is the operational SAR branch of the Corpo delle Capitanerie di Porto or Corps of the Port Captaincies, which was organized first by royal decree in 1865. It was reorganized as part of the Regia Marina in 1915 and on June 8, 1989, redesignated as Guardia costiera.
Structure and organization
Structure
The Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard is structured as follows:
The Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard is a Corps of the Italian Navy that has tasks and functions connected mostly to the civil use of the sea and with functional dependence of various ministries that avail themselves on their work: first of all the Ministero dei trasporti which has "inherited" in 1994, from the Ministry of the Merchant Navy, the major part of the functions connected to the use of the sea and the connected activities with the commercial and pleasure navigation an on whose budget weighs the costs for the running of the corps. The principal tasks of the Corps activities are the following:
Search and rescue at sea with the entire organization of co-ordination, control, detection and communications active for 24 hours a day requested by this activity;
Safety of navigation, with systematic investigative controls on the entire national mercantile, fishing and pleasure shipping, through the activity of Port State Control, also on the foreign mercantile shipping that calling at the national ports;
Protection of the marine environment, with functional dependence of the Ministero dell'ambiente e della tutela del territorio, using for this aim also resources already used for tasks of rescue, safety of navigation, and maritime police;
Control on maritime fishery, with functional dependence on the Ministero per le politiche argicole e forestali : at this end the general command is the responsible authority of the National Fishing Control Center and the Captancies carry out the controls prescribed by the national and community norms on the entire fishing fleet;
Peripheral administration of State functions in the matters of formation of the maritime personnel, of registration of the mercantile and fishing shipping, of pleasure shipping, and of the contentious for those maritime crimes that have been de-penalized;
Maritime police, including the discipline of maritime navigation and the regulation of the events that are carried out in the maritime areas that fall under the national sovereignty, the control of the maritime traffic, the manoeuvre of the ships and the safety in the ports, inquiries on the maritime accidents, the control on the maritime State property, the testing and periodic inspections of coastal deposits and other hazardous installations.
Other functions are carried out for the Ministries of defence, for Cultural Activities and Treasures, of internal affairs, of Justice and the department of civil protection, all having as a common denominator the sea and navigation. The broadness and the variety of activities carried out present the Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard as an organism of reference for the maritime activities and make of them a true "sole counter" for the relations with the seafarers. The Corps is represented in a highly specialized structure, as well under the administrative profile as under the technical-operational one, for the completing of the Public functions that are carried out in the maritime spaces of national interest. These spaces include 155 000 km² of maritime waters, internal and territorial, which are in every respect part of the national territory, and other 350 000 km² of waters on which Italy has exclusive rights or duties : a number of marine areas whose extension is almost the double of the entire national territory, which as it is known amounts to 301 000 km². Following the tendency that is affirming itself in Europe, the maritime authority – coast guard must exercise an effective control in sea for the safeguard of human life, for the safety of navigation, for the correct going on of the economic activities and for the protection of the marine environment. The Italian Marine Casualty Investigation Central Board, a division of the Corps, investigates maritime accidents and incidents. It is not an independent maritime accident investigation unit.
Insignia
Like related coast guards around the world, the Guardia Costiera uses "Racing stripe" on its vessels. This marking is in the national colors, with a narrow green band, a narrow white spacing, and a broad red band. Inside the red band is a white circle with a black anchor. Racing stripe is also serve as logo of the Guardia Costiera.
