Coral reefs of the Virgin Islands


One of the marine ecosystems found in the Virgin Islands are the coral reefs. These coral reefs can be located between the islands of St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. These coral reefs have an area of 297.9 km2, along with other marine habitats that are in between. The way these coral reefs grow are by coral larvae swimming freely and attaching themselves to hard surfaces around the islands and start to develop a skeleton on the outside of their skin to protect themselves from predators but also allow a new place for other coral larvae to attach to and grow on. These corals can form into three different structures; fringing reefs, which are reefs that are close to the shore, barrier reefs, which are reefs that are alongside the shore and is separated by deep water, and an atoll reef which is a coral reef that circles a lagoon or body of water.

Distribution

As stated, the coral reefs such as fringing reefs, deep reefs, patch reefs and spur and groove formation are distributed over three islands in the Virgin Islands which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. The coral reefs found offshore of St. Thomas and St. John are distributed patchily around the islands. Additionally, a developed barrier reef system surrounds St. Croix along its eastern and southern shores.

Ecology

The coral reefs as well as hard-bottom habitat accounts for 297.9 km2. The coral reefs are home to diverse species. There are over 40 species of scleractinian corals and three species of Millepora. Live scleractinian species are found throughout the Virgin Islands, but mainly around Buck Island, St. Croix and St. John. More specifically based on a survey from 2001-2006, listed are a total of 215 fishes from St. John and 202 from St. Croix. Four species of sea turtles are found within the Virgin Islands. The coral reefs are impacted by freshwater environments from the Amazon and Orinoco River in the form of anticyclonic rings which are rich in nutrients.

Hazards

This marine environment has been degraded in a variety of ways. One of the ways in which the corals have been affected is by the dust from Africa. This dust might be affected the corals by causing degradation. Apart from the dust, the corals also experience a few diseases. There is black-band disease which infects major coral reefs such as Montastraea annularis. The most severe diseases are the white-band and white plague disease. The branching acroporid have been influenced the most.

Other than the few diseases listed, other ways in which the corals have been affected are by natural disasters such as hurricanes, human influence such as fishing and pollution, and global warming.

The Coral reefs are also being degraded by many other factors: