The party was founded in Andhra Pradesh in 1980, by Kondapalli Seetharamaiah and Dr. Kolluri Chiranjeevi. It emerged from a re-articulation of Naxalite activists in the Telangana region. The party had its roots in the Andhra Committee, that had broken away from the Central Organising Committee, Communist Party of India in 1976. The new party was formed by the merger with the Kothandaraman grouping in Tamil Nadu. The new party resolved to continue armed struggle whilst engaging in mass movements. The party renounced participation in electoral politics. It upheld the legacy of Charu Majumdar. The party analysed Indian society as semi-feudal and semi-colonial. The party was initially largely confined to the Telangana region, but later expanded to other areas of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa.
Recent history
In August 1998 CPI Party Unity, based in Jehenabad, Bihar, merged with CPI PW. CPI Party Unity had been based in Bihar, and after the merger CPI PW expanded its geographic scope of operations significantly. It began establishing state committees in states like Kerala, Haryana and Punjab. In October 2002 CPI PW issued a declaration containing death threats against the Chief Minister of three Indian states; Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, Chandrababu Naidu and Babulal Marandi. Exactly a year later, the organization conducted an assassination attempt against Chandrababu Naidu. On 21 September 2004 CPI PW merged with Maoist Communist Centre of India to form Communist Party of India. In November 2004 a mass rally of some 150,000 people was held in Hyderabad in support of CPI PW.
Tactics
The armed squads of the party consisted of ten persons. The squads used encounters and landmines in confrontations with security forces.
Bans
The party was banned in Andhra Pradesh in May 1992, under the Criminal Law Act. In February 1992 the national Home Ministry requested the states of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa to ban the party. The party remained unbanned at the national level, though. In 2000 CPI PW launched the People's Guerilla Army, which integrated previously-autonomous units. The party had thousands of activists organized in 'dalams', small guerrilla units. CPI PW and PGA were mainly active in Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar and the Midnapore district in West Bengal. In 2001 the party held its first congress, although it counted this as the second, because the CPI PW claimed to be a continuation of the original CPI, which had had its first congress in 1970. On 23 September 2004 the Andhra Pradesh state government declared they would be holding peace talks with CPI PW and CPI Janashakti. In December 2004 CPI PW and all its front organisations were banned as a 'terrorist organisation' under the Unlawful Activities Amendment Act, 2004.
Regional units
Andhra Pradesh
During the first two decades of its existence, the policies of the Andhra Pradesh state government vacillated in its approach towards the party. At some points the state cracked down heavily on the party, at other points its approach was more conciliatory. The party was able to exploit political conflict between the two main political parties in Andhra Pradesh during the 1980s to its advantage, and both of these parties would seek support from CPI PW in times of local elections. The CPI PW would provide such help in exchange for release of prisoners and laxed pressure on the movement from the security forces. Moreover, the party was strengthened economically through "taxations" of forest contractors. In 2004 CPI PW was part of peace talks with the Andhra Pradesh state government.
Orissa
In February 1998 a police officer was killed in southern Orissa by CPI PW guerrillas. This was the first attack against Orissa Police by CPI PW fighters from neighbouring Andhra Pradesh. Between 2000 and 2001 there were several killings in conflicts between CPI PW and MCC in Orissa. However in September 2002, CPI PW and MCC signed an agreement to coordinate activities in the state. At the time Santosh was the head of the CPI PW unit in the state. At the time of the April 2004 state assembly elections, CPI PW ran a boycott campaign in its strongholds in the state. However voting increased significantly in these constituencies in spite of boycott calls from CPI PW, leading to speculations whether the influence of the party was waning in the region.
