Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei e Incursori Teseo Tesei
COMSUBIN is the Italian Navy's special forces unit.
Italy was the first nation to use frogmen and human torpedoes. The Royal Italian Navy's Naval Assault Divisions is considered to be the precursor of modern Naval Special Forces. Their record can be traced back to World War I and the operation against the Austrian-Hungarian Battleship Viribus Unitis in Pula Harbour in 1918.
In World War II famous operations were Suda Bay, Alexandria, Gibraltar, and Malta.
Italy's frogman group originated in 1938 as the 1a Flottiglia Mezzi d'Assalto, which was reformed in 1940 as the Decima Flottiglia MAS.
Chronology
After World War II ended, the victors forbade Italy from maintaining special operations personnel. The Decima Flottiglia MAS was disbanded but the training experience gathered during the war was not lost, it was preserved in units scattered across the new Marina Militare.- 1949: Italy joined the North Atlantic Council.
- 1955: Italy joined the United Nations. The Allied Powers relented. The Decima Flottiglia MAS was reformed, and had various names as the years passed.
- 1960: Its name was settled as Comando Raggruppamento Subacquei ed Incursori Teseo Tesei after Major Teseo Tesei.
Some nations including Italy have continued to make and keep human torpedoes after 1945.
Organisation
The headquarters provides the services and maintenance needed for the groups to fulfill their missions. Part of the headquarter is the Research Office, which researches, develops and procures the materials and means needed by the operational groups.Operational Raiders Group
The Operational Raiders Group is a italian special forces unit and focuses on maritime special operations. The Raiders have four specific assignments:- Attacks on naval and merchant ships while in port or at sea using a multitude of different weapons systems.
- Attacks on port or coastal civilian and military installations and infrastructure up to 400 km from the coast.
- Counter-terrorism operations especially on ships and dedicated to the recovery of hostages.
- Infiltration and long-term stays in hostile territory for reconnaissance or long-range naval targeting missions.
Operational Divers Group
The Operational Divers Group specialises in scuba diving with air to 60 m, oxygen to 12 m, nitrox to 54 m, heliox to 150 m, and to 300 m with a mini-submarine or a special suit. After World War II hr unit de-mined Italy's northern ports ravaged by years of war and filled with magnetic mines and ammunition onboard sunken ships. They accomplished the task by 1949, letting Italy's economy get back on track relatively quickly. Since World War II, they have performed de-mining and unexploded ordnance disposal operations across the world, especially in the Persian Gulf, the former Yugoslavia, and Albania. Diver detachment operate from the navy's minesweepers. They also specialise in rescuing personnel from stricken ships and submarines and assist the civil authorities in maritime rescue operations. Divers wear a medium blue beret.Special Naval Group
The Special Naval Group supports and moves the raiders and the divers, with the aid of five ships:- Marino-class diving support vessels: "Mario Marino" and "Alcide Pedretti"
- Cabrini-class high-speed patrol boats: "Angelo Cabrini" and "Tullio Tedeschi"
- Submarine rescue ship "Anteo" with a SRV-300 deep-submergence rescue vehicle
Schools Group
Operational capability
COMSUBIN is first and foremost a secret special operations unit. Its membership is a fairly well-guarded secret.The Raiders are composed of volunteer officers and non-commissioned officers with an average age of 29 who are capable of:
- surface and under-water swimming
- use of naval units
- assault on stationary and moving naval units
- deployment from helicopters through various means
- movement during day and night in unknown and rocky terrain
- deployment from submarines while underwater and on surface
- use of automatic and commanded parachute
- use of arms, explosives and special weapons
- capability to reside in unknown hostile territory for long-term
- use of various land vehicles
- Free Fall Parachutist
- Mountain Guide
- aerial photography analyst
- Explosive Ordnance Disposal
- Launch Director
- Military Mountain Troop Instructor
- Naval and Submarine Photographer
Senior operators may transfer to the Italian Military Intelligence Agency "" along with their other counterparts from the Army, Air Force and Carabinieri.
Overseas deployment
COMSUBIN Raiders have been deployed to these places:- Adriatic Sea, inspecting merchant navy ships due to UN embargo against the former Yugoslav republics.
- Albania, mostly to escort and patrol missions.
- Lebanon, mostly to escort and patrol missions.
- Persian Gulf, inspecting merchant navy ships due to UN embargo against Iran.
- Rwanda, evacuating Westerners from missionary outposts during the bitter civil war in Rwanda in 1994-95.
- Somalia, mostly to escort and patrol missions.
- Afghanistan, in support of ISAF.
- Iraq, in support of Antica Babilonia
- Libya
Equipment
Handguns
- Glock 17
- HK USP
- Glock 41
- Beretta 92 FS
- HK P11
Sub-machine guns
- Beretta M12
- H&K MP5
- FN P90
- H&K MP7
Assault rifles
- Beretta ARX160
- Colt M4
- H&K HK416
- HK G41, license-manufactured by Luigi Franchi S.p.A.
- HK 417
- SIG MCX
Sniper rifles
- 7,62x51mm SR-25
- 7,62x51mm Accuracy International Arctic Warfare
- 8,60x70mm Accuracy International AX50
- 12,7x99mm Barrett M107
- 12,7x99mm Accuracy International AW50
Grenade launchers
- M203 grenade launcher
- 40x53mm Heckler & Koch AG36
Machine guns
- FN Minimi MK 48/46
- M60E3
- MG42/59
- Browning M2
Rocket launchers
- 66mm M-72 ASMC-RC
- 90mm C90-CR