Coleville is one of the three northernmost communities in Mono County. According to the Mono County government, Antelope Valley, including Coleville, is expected to see significant population growth. It is named after California's first congressman, Cornelius Cole, who arrived with his brother during the gold rush and established a law firm in San Francisco before entering politics. He died, at the age of 102, in Los Angeles where he owned a large plantation that occupied the area that is now Hollywood. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 13.8 square miles, all land.
Coleville is served by the Antelope Valley Fire Protection District, founded in 1947 and covering of the Antelope Valley. The District maintains a training facility in Coleville.
The first post office at Coleville was established in 1868. The name honors Cornelius Cole, a United States Senator. On June 1, 2007, the Larson fire threatened Coleville while burning and causing US$3,000,000 damage.
The 2010 United States Census reported that Coleville had a population of 495. The population density was 36.0 people per square mile. The racial makeup of Coleville was 386 White, 6 African American, 10 Native American, 8 Asian, 0 Pacific Islander, 62 from other races, and 23 from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 110 persons. The Census reported that 495 people lived in households, 0 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 were institutionalized. There were 171 households, out of which 90 had children under the age of 18 living in them, 129 were opposite-sex married couples living together, 8 had a female householder with no husband present, 4 had a male householder with no wife present. There were 6 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 2 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 25 households were made up of individuals and 8 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.89. There were 141 families ; the average family size was 3.23. The population was spread out with 167 people under the age of 18, 66 people aged 18 to 24, 170 people aged 25 to 44, 60 people aged 45 to 64, and 32 people who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.2 males. There were 201 housing units at an average density of 14.6 per square mile, of which 48 were owner-occupied, and 123 were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.0%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.7%. 107 people lived in owner-occupied housing units and 388 people lived in rental housing units.
