According to tradition, the Märkischer Adler, or red eagle of the March of Brandenburg, was adopted by Margrave Gero in the 10th century. Gustav A. Seyler states that the AscanianAlbert the Bear was the originator. He divided his territory among his children, thereby creating the territories which would later become Anhalt, Brandenburg, and Meissen. The March of Brandenburg, known as the Holy Roman Empire's 'sandbox', was granted in 1415 to Burggrave Frederick VI of Nurembergof the House of Hohenzollern. Over the centuries, the Hohenzollerns made these poor marshes and woodlands the nucleus of a powerful state. After being formally enfeoffed as ElectorFrederick I of Brandenburg, he quartered the arms of Hohenzollern and the burgraviate of Nuremberg with the Brandenburg red eagle. The blueescutcheon with the golden sceptre, as symbol of the office of archchamberlain of the Empire, was added under Frederick II. in 1686. In December 1470, Emperor Frederick III gave the duchies of Pomerania, Kashubia, Stettin and Wenden in liege to the electors of Brandenburg, making them in turn the overlords of the dukes of Western Pomerania. The quarters and crests of these duchies and the Principality of Rügen, however, were incorporated in the Brandenburg arms. Elector John Sigismund inherited the Duchy of Prussia, outside the Holy Roman Empire on the Baltic Sea, in 1618. In 1609 John Sigismund's wife had inherited rights to Cleves, Mark, Jülich and Berg in the Rhineland. A compromise over them with the House of Wittelsbach, giving Brandenburg only Cleves and Mark, was reached in the 1614 Treaty of Xanten, but the arms of the other principalities were put in nevertheless. The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 brought Brandenburg the former prince-bishoprics of Magdeburg, Halberstadt, Minden and Cammin. Rügen and Hither Pomerania, however, had to be given up to Sweden as part of Swedish Pomerania. . It was around this time to that Elector Frederick William, called the "Great Elector", adopted the Pomeranian "wild man" as supporters of his arms. He also placed the outer helmets over the heads of the supporters. When the Duchy of Prussia gained full sovereignty from Poland in the Treaty of Wehlau on 19 September 1657, the electoral cap, which had until then crowned the smaller versions of the arms on coins, was adorned with arches as in a ducal crown. Elector Frederick III changed the arms substantially when he took the title Frederick I, "King in Prussia", on 18 January 1701. In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, the March of Brandenburg was reorganized as the Province of Brandenburg within the Kingdom of Prussia. Its arms depicted the red eagle of Brandenburg flanked by a wildman and a knight. With the dissolution of Prussia after World War II, new arms were created for Brandenburg in 1945, avoiding any heraldic resemblance with the traditional arms. It showed an oak in front of a rising sun on a background in red, white and red, then also used in the official flag. A shield in blue, white and green was shown in the upper left corner. The little shield is a reversed variant of the flag of the city ofBrandenburg upon Havel. This new coat of arms never gained popularity and was thus not considered when Brandenburg regained statehood after 1990. The arms of the state of Brandenburg became a red eagle without adornment.
