Closteroviridae


Closteroviridae is a family of viruses. Plants serve as natural hosts. There are currently 56 species in this family, divided among 4 genera, seven species of which are unassigned. Diseases associated with this family include: yellowing and necrosis, particularly affecting the phloem.

Taxonomy

Genome type and transmission vector are two of the most important traits used for classification. Ampeloviruses and Closteroviruses have monopartite genomes and are transmitted by pseudococcid mealybugs and aphids respectively. While Criniviruses are bipartite and transmitted by whiteflies.
Genera:
Unassigned species:
Viruses in Closteroviridae are non-enveloped, with flexuous and filamentous geometries. The diameter is around 10–13 nm, with a length of 950–2200 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, bipartite, around 20kb in length.
GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
CrinivirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearBipartite
VelarivirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite
ClosterovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite
AmpelovirusFilamentousNon-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement.
Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are mechanical.
GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
CrinivirusPlants-Viral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
VelarivirusPlants-Viral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
ClosterovirusPlants-Viral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects
AmpelovirusPlants-Viral movement; mechanical inoculationViral movementCytoplasmCytoplasmMechanical inoculation: insects