Chingford


Chingford is a district in North East London, located in the London Borough of Waltham Forest and is situated northeast of Charing Cross. Historically a rural Essex parish, it gained urban district status in 1894, and between 1938 and 1965 formed the core of the Municipal Borough of Chingford. Chingford is close to the Essex border of Epping Forest District. Chingford has a population of 66,211 as of 2011, represented by six electoral wards, which includes its sub-neighbourhoods such as Chingford Mount, Friday Hill and Highams Park.
It borders Sewardstone to the north, Woodford Green and Buckhurst Hill to the east and Walthamstow to the south. To the west lie William Girling and King George V reservoirs, known together as the Chingford Reservoirs, and the River Lea. Across these, Chingford is linked with Ponders End through the A110 Lea Valley Road, whilst South Chingford is linked with Edmonton through the A406 Lea Valley Viaduct. To the north and east lies Epping Forest, the most part of which is in Essex but is maintained by the City of London Corporation.

Toponymy

The River Ching runs through the area, and the town of Chingford is close to a number of fords of that river. However, old maps and descriptions give a name for the settlement long before the river has a name and it is likely that the name of the river as "Ching" arose long after the settlement was named. The area of Chingford is referenced in the Doomsday book as "Cingefort" from 1066AD. It is thought that, similarly to how Kingston upon Thames appears in Domesday Book of 1086AD as Chingestone and Chingetun, with ching being old English for the king, that Chingford could refer to the King's river, and Kings Ford. This idea is compounded by links to royalty using the area for hunting in centuries gone by, with Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge still standing in North Chingford. Furthermore, there is evidence of King Harold Harefoot having lived in Chingford and the environs in the 11th century, a date which ties in with the Old English use of "Ching" for King. Another suggested explanation by place name genealogists' is that the settlement's name has its origin as "Shingly Ford"—that is, a ford over a waterway containing shingles. However, the genealogists assertion is likely to be incorrect, as the usage of the placename name "Cingefort" in the Doomsday book predates the coining of the word "Shingle." The earliest known usage of the Middle English word shingle is 1200AD and the word was not used to describe loose stones on a waterway until three centuries later in the 1500s..

Landmarks

One notable local landmark is Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge. Originally called the Great Standing, it was built for King Henry VIII in 1543, and was used as a grandstand to watch the hunting of deer, although it has been heavily altered over time. The building is located on Chingford Plain within Epping Forest and is . The lodge is preserved under the Epping Forest Preservation Act.
Originally a barn built in the mid-19th century, Butler's Retreat, a Grade II listed building, is one of the some remaining Victorian retreats within the forest. The building is adjacent to the Queen Elizabeth's Hunting Lodge and takes its name from the 1891 occupier John Butler. Retreats originally served non-alcoholic refreshments as part of the Temperance movement. After closing in 2009 the building was refurbished by the City of London Corporation and re-opened as a cafe in 2012.
All Saints' Church in Chingford Mount dates back to the 12th century. Directly opposite the church is Chingford Mount Cemetery, best known today as the burial place of the Kray family.
Friday Hill House, Simmons Lane, off Friday Hill, dating from 1839, was a manor house built and owned by Robert Boothby Heathcote, who was both the lord of the manor and rector of the local church. It was he who paid for the building of the church of St Peter and St Paul in Chingford. He is buried in the Boothby family vault in All Saints' Churchyard, Old Church Road. The vault was purchased by Robert Boothby, who lived in the previous manor house. The present building has been used as a further education centre but was put up for sale in 2012.
Pimp Hall Dovecote is situated in a green area at the bottom of Friday Hill and can be viewed by entering the Pimp Hall Nature Reserve. The dovecote, which had nesting space for 250 birds, belonged to Pimp Hall, one of three manor houses around Chingford. In 1838 the estate was taken over and became part of the Chingford Earls estate. The farmhouse associated with it survived until just before World War II. This dovecote is depicted in the :File:Millenium Heritage Mosaic on Assembly Hall, Chingford, London, UK.jpg|Millennium Heritage Mosaic on the front of Chingford Assembly Hall. It is the fourth item down on the left-hand side of the mosaic, also see the :File:Key to Millenium Heritage Mosaic on Assembly Hall, Chingford, London, UK.jpg|Key. There is a local legend telling how on one occasion Charles II was out hunting in Epping Forest and was caught in a snowstorm. He took shelter in Pimp Hall and was so delighted with the food offered him that he jocularly drew his sword and knighted the joint of beef declaring that it was now Sir Loin. Either this story caused the nearby pub on Friday Hill to be called "The Sirloin" or vice versa.
A granite obelisk at Pole Hill was erected in 1824 under the direction of the Astronomer Royal, the Rev. John Pond M.A., to mark true north for the telescopes of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, south of the Thames. It was placed on high ground along the line of the Greenwich Meridian, but when this was recalibrated later in the 19th century, the obelisk was deemed to have been erected west of the revised meridian line. Today, an adjoining triangulation pillar marks the modern line.
, The Ridgeway
Chingford Town Hall, dating from 1929, is on The Ridgeway in Chingford. It has more recently been known as the Chingford Municipal Offices. The site was sold to property developers who built blocks of flats on the land and the town hall building was subsequently converted to apartments.

Governance

Chingford is within the Chingford and Woodford Green UK Parliament constituency, which consists of the six Chingford wards in the Borough of Waltham Forest and two wards in the Borough of Redbridge. Iain Duncan Smith has been the sitting MP since 1992.
Former MPs include Norman Tebbit, Leah Manning, Stan Newens, and Winston Churchill.
Chingford is part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest, which also includes the east London districts of Walthamstow, Leyton, and Leytonstone. Chingford consists of six council wards, namely:
Each ward is represented by three councillors; at present all of the councillors represent the Conservative Party except for two Labour ones in Valley and Hale End and Highams Park. The London Borough of Waltham Forest is presently controlled by the Labour party.
Chingford falls within the North East constituency of the London Assembly, which is currently represented by Jennette Arnold of the Labour party.
When Chingford was a municipal borough, before 1965, its politics were dominated by the Chingford Ratepayers' Association, which was nominally independent, but against whom the Conservative Party did not field candidates.

Demography

As of the 2011 census, 86% of the population of Chingford Green ward, which covers the north of the area, was white. Endlebury ward, covering a central area, was 78% white. 7% was black. Valley ward, covering south west Chingford, is the most culturally diverse, with just half the population identifying as White British.

Housing

Chingford was the location of one of the interwar London County Council cottage estates.

Local sport teams

Chingford is served by Chingford railway station which is the terminus of a branch line from Liverpool Street station in the City of London.
There is also a station at Highams Park.
Chingford lost its rail link to Stratford with the removal of the 500 m length of track known as the Hall Farm Curve in 1970, and there have been campaigns for its reinstatement.
London Buses provide routes linking Chingford to Walthamstow, Loughton, Leytonstone, Stratford, Ilford, Potters Bar and Turnpike Lane. On Saturdays Essex County Council route 505 runs to Harlow. The town is also served by the N26 Night bus from Trafalgar Square.

Education

Chingford secondary schools include: