Chili Line
The Chili Line, officially known as the Santa Fe Branch, was a narrow-gauge branch of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. It ran from Antonito, Colorado, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. The Denver and Rio Grande Railway began construction of the line in 1880 and completed the line from Antonito to Española, New Mexico, but could not build any further because of an agreement with the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad. The Texas, Santa Fe and Northern Railroad was incorporated to complete the line, and the line between Española and Santa Fe opened in 1886 and was transferred to the Denver and Rio Grande shortly thereafter. The D&RGW closed the Chili Line in 1941 because of competition from road transportation, and the line was abandoned shortly thereafter.
Name
The Chili Line was officially known as the Santa Fe Branch. Its nickname has been attributed to its freight, which prominently featured New Mexico chile peppers, and to the gastronomy of its patrons.History
The original ambitious plans of Denver and Rio Grande Railway founder William J. Palmer projected a north-south narrow gauge route from Denver to Mexico City following the course of the Rio Grande for much of the distance. As early as 1878 it was reasoned that such a route would not be possible, but Palmer did receive a concession in September 1880 from the Mexican government to build a different north-south line, the National Railroad of Mexico. Initially planning to access the Territory of New Mexico via Raton Pass, a route that the AT&SF had already begun grading for the construction of its own east-west transcontinental route, the D&RG had to look for alternative routes to the south as its conflict with the ATSF festered. The conflict eventually resulted in the D&RG shifting its attention to lucrative mining opportunities to the west. Palmer's "dream of a road to Mexico City finally went glimmering" but the line along the Rio Grande became the exotic southern extent of the D&RGW's famous network in the Rocky Mountains. Prior to the conflict, the D&RG had built tracks over La Veta Pass to Alamosa in the San Luis Valley. By 1880 narrow gauge tracks were in place as far south as Antonito and the construction of a line towards Albuquerque was underway.The AT&SF reached Santa Fe in February 1880. In March the AT&SF and the D&RG publicly signed a restrictive territorial agreement that prevented the southward expansion of the D&RG beyond Española, where service began on New Year's Eve 1880, for ten years. To fill the approximately gap the Texas, Santa Fe and Northern Railroad was formed. The long-term plans of the TSF&N called for the construction of a railroad spanning from Texas to Utah. The company proposed to first connect Española to the territorial capital and then south to coal fields near Madrid, New Mexico. Work on the link to Santa Fe was stalled for several years because of money problems and the line further south was not built. With new management in place construction resumed in earnest in October 1886 and by January 1887 the narrow gauge tracks from Santa Fe to Española were complete. An excursion train between the two cities on January 9, 1887 was attended by 200 people. The TSF&N was absorbed by the Santa Fe Southern Railway in 1889 and by 1895 was a unit of the D&RG as the Rio Grande and Santa Fe Railroad.
Only a few branches were constructed along the Chili Line. During the 1880s and 1890s several short timber spurs were built and a line connecting at a point near Española to the D&RG's San Juan Extension was contemplated. In 1903 the D&RG and the New Mexico Central Railway opened Santa Fe Union Station on a site adjacent to the AT&SF's depot. The new station replaced an older one on the north side of the Santa Fe River next to the D&RG's terminal facilities. The D&RG was interested, along with others, in connecting Taos to its system, however surveys indicated that such a connection was not feasible. Instead the name of a station from Taos was restyled Taos Junction in 1915. While Taos was east of the railroad, a branch line was built west from Taos Junction to La Madera, New Mexico for use by the Halleck and Howard Lumber Company. Road transportation began to outcompete the train. The railroad continued to operate until the Interstate Commerce Commission approved of DRG&W's abandonment in 1941. The line closed amid Santa Fe's annual fiesta in September 1941. The DR&GW proposed reusing some of the line's infrastructure for use on a railroad along the Burma Road in a then embattled Southeast Asia. Despite some local outcry and national media attention the railway was completely dismantled in 1942. As of 2017, the majority of the Chili Line's former right of way is still relatively intact.
The socio-economic Impact of the Chile Line was important to the farmers of Northern New Mexico. For generations the primary mode of production was subsistence farming. The introduction of the railway meant that farmers could now transport their good to market much faster.
Operations
The railroad was almost completely narrow gauge; Palmer had reasoned that the smaller-scale railroads were advantageous in mountainous areas. There was some dual-gauge track in the Santa Fe railyard where the railroad shared a station with the New Mexico Central Railway, and also at the line's northern terminal. The original terminal facilities in Santa Fe included a three-stall engine house and a coal shed on the tail of a wye opposite a two-story island depot. These facilities were later replaced by infrastructure capable of tendering petroleum-fueled engines and a union station. Operations of the line were often described as adventurous. The branch served remote areas such as the stop at Buckman, New Mexico, which was the Los Alamos Ranch School's link to the outside world until 1921; a stop near a new road bridge across the Rio Grande at Otowi served this purpose when a new road to Los Alamos was completed in 1924.Passenger trains were pulled by 4-4-0s until replaced by class T-12 4-6-0s in the early 1900s. Freight trains pulled by class C-19 2-8-0s carried livestock, wool, fruit, chili, beans, sugar, flour, manufactured goods, timber coal, petroleum products, cement, minerals and ores. Heavier rail was laid in 1928 so Rio Grande class K-28 2-8-2s could replace the older locomotives and eliminate need for helper engines. In later years a daily mixed train typically operated providing connections at Alamosa to an overnight standard gauge train to and from Denver. A meal stop was often scheduled at Embudo. In 1890 a trip from Santa Fe to Antonito was scheduled to take eight hours. In 1941 the same trip on train 426 took seven hours and fifteen minutes, an average speed of, nevertheless the trip to Denver was easily much quicker though longer by way of the AT&SF.