Charles de Gaulle Airport


Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, also known as Roissy Airport, is the largest international airport in France and second busiest airport in Europe. Opened in 1974, it is located in Roissy-en-France, 23 km northeast of Paris. It is named after statesman Charles de Gaulle.
Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes in Val-d'Oise, Seine-Saint-Denis and Seine-et-Marne. It serves as the principal hub for Air France and a destination for other legacy carriers, as well as a focus city for low-cost carriers easyJet, Vueling and Norwegian Air Shuttle. The Airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport.
In 2019, the airport handled 76,150,007 passengers and 498,175 aircraft movements, thus making it the world's tenth busiest airport and Europe's second busiest airport in terms of passenger numbers. Charles de Gaulle is also the busiest airport within the European Union. In terms of cargo traffic, the airport is the twelfth busiest in the world and the second busiest in Europe, handling 2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012.
As of 2017, the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world. Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018.

Location

Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport covers of land. The airport area, including terminals and runways, spans over three départements and six communes:
The choice of constructing an international aviation hub outside of central Paris was made due to a limited prospect of potential relocations or expropriations and the possibility of further expanding the airport in the future.
Management of the airport lies solely on the authority of Groupe ADP, which also manages Orly, Le Bourget, several smaller airfields in the suburbs of Paris, and other airports directly or indirectly worldwide.

History

Development

The planning and construction phase of what was known then as Aéroport de Paris Nord began in 1966. On 8 March 1974 the airport, renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport, opened. Terminal 1 was built in an avant-garde design of a ten-floors-high circular building surrounded by seven satellite buildings, each with six gates allowing sunlight to enter through apertures. The main architect was Paul Andreu, who was also in charge of the extensions during the following decades.
Following the introduction of the brand Paris Aéroport to all its Parisian airports, Groupe ADP also announced major changes for the Charles de Gaulle Airport: Terminals of the Satellite 1 will be merged, as well as terminals 2B and 2D. A new luggage automated sorting system and conveyor under Terminal 2E Hall L was installed to speed luggage delivery time for airlines operating Paris-Charles de Gaulle's hub. The CDG Express, the direct express rail link from Paris to Charles de Gaulle Airport, is planned for completion by 2023.

Corporate identity

The Frutiger typeface was commissioned for use in the airport and implemented on signs throughout the building in 1975. Initially called Roissy, it was renamed after its designer Adrian Frutiger.
Until 2005, every PA announcement made at Terminal 1 was preceded by a distinctive chime, nicknamed "Indicatif Roissy" and composed by Bernard Parmegiani in 1971. The chime can be heard in the Roman Polanski film Frantic. The chime was officially replaced by the "Indicatif ADP" chime.
On 14 April 2016, the Groupe ADP rolled out the Connect 2020 corporate strategy and the commercial brand Paris Aéroport was applied to all Parisian airports, including Le Bourget airport.

Terminals

Charles de Gaulle Airport has three terminals: Terminal 1 is the oldest and situated opposite to Terminal 3; Terminal 2 is located at another side with 7 sub-terminal buildings. Terminal 2 was originally built exclusively for Air France; since then it has been expanded significantly and now also hosts other airlines. Terminals 2A to 2F are interconnected by elevated walkways and situated next to each other. Terminal 2G is a satellite building connected by shuttle bus.
Terminal 3 hosts charter and low-cost airlines. The CDGVAL light-rail shuttle connects Terminal 2 to Terminals 1/3 and their parking lots. Refer to Ground Transportation below for inter-terminal transfers and transport to central Paris.

Terminal 1

The first terminal, designed by Paul Andreu, was built in the image of an octopus. It consists of a circular terminal building which houses key functions such as check-in counters and baggage claim conveyors. Seven satellites with boarding gates are connected to the central building by underground walkways.
The central building, with a large skylight in its centre, dedicates each floor to a single function. The first floor is reserved for technical operations and not accessible to the public. The second floor contains shops and restaurants, the CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train platforms and check-in counters from a recent renovation. The majority of check-in counters, however, are located on the third floor, which also has access to taxi stands, bus stops and special pick-up vehicles. Departing passengers with valid boarding passes can reach the fourth floor, which houses duty-free stores and border control posts, for the boarding gates. The fifth floor contains baggage claim conveyors for arriving passengers. All four upper floors have assigned areas for parking and airline offices.
Passages between the third, fourth and fifth floors are provided by a tangle of escalators arranged through the centre of the building. These escalators are suspended over the central court. Each escalator is covered with a transparent tube to shelter from all weather conditions. These escalators were often used in film shootings. The Alan Parsons Project album I Robot features these escalators on its cover.
Terminal 1 is used by mainly Star Alliance members except those who operate from Terminal 2.

Terminal 2

Terminal 2 is spread across seven sub-terminals: 2A to 2G. Terminals 2A to 2F are connected by inter-terminal walkways, but Terminal 2G is a satellite building away. Terminal 2G can only be accessed by shuttle bus from Terminals 1, 2A to 2F and 3. The CDGVAL inter-terminal shuttle train, Paris RER Regional-Express and high-speed TGV rail station, Aéroport Charles de Gaulle 2 TGV, is located within the Terminal 2 complex and between 2C and 2E or 2D and 2F.
Terminal 2F was used for the filming of the music video for the U2 song "Beautiful Day". The band also had their picture taken inside Terminal 2F for the album artwork of their 2000 album All That You Can't Leave Behind.
Terminal 2 is used by Air France, all SkyTeam and Oneworld airlines, some Star Alliance members and other airlines.

Collapse of Terminal 2E

On 23 May 2004, shortly after the inauguration of terminal 2E, a portion of it collapsed near Gate E50, killing four people. Two of the dead were reported to be Chinese citizens, one Czech and the other Lebanese. Three other people were injured in the collapse. Terminal 2E had been inaugurated in 2003 after some delays in construction and was designed by Paul Andreu. Administrative and judicial enquiries were started. Andreu also designed Terminal 3 at Dubai International Airport, which collapsed while under construction on 28 September 2004.
Before this accident, ADP had been planning for an initial public offering in 2005 with the new terminal as a major attraction for investors. The partial collapse and indefinite closing of the terminal just before the beginning of summer seriously hurt the airport's business plan.
In February 2005, the results from the administrative inquiry were published. The experts pointed out that there was no single fault, but rather a number of causes for the collapse, in a design that had little margin for safety. The inquiry found the concrete vaulted roof was not resilient enough and had been pierced by metallic pillars and some openings weakened the structure. Sources close to the inquiry also disclosed that the whole building chain had worked as close to the limits as possible, so as to reduce costs. Paul Andreu denounced the building companies for having not correctly prepared the reinforced concrete.
On 17 March 2005, ADP decided to tear down and rebuild the whole part of Terminal 2E of which a section had collapsed, at a cost of approximately €100 million. The reconstruction replaced the innovative concrete tube style of the jetty with a more traditional steel and glass structure. During reconstruction, two temporary departure lounges were constructed in the vicinity of the terminal that replicated the capacity of 2E before the collapse. The terminal reopened completely on 30 March 2008.

Terminal 2G

Terminal 2G, dedicated to regional Air France and HOP! flights and its affiliates, opened in 2008. This terminal is to the east of all terminals and can only be reached by shuttle bus. Terminal 2G is used for passengers flying in the Schengen Area and handles Air France regional and European traffic and provides small-capacity planes with a faster turnaround time than is currently possible by enabling them to park close to the new terminal building and boarding passengers primarily by bus, or walking. A bus line called "navette orange" connects the terminal 2G inside the security check area with terminals 2E and 2F. Passengers transferring to other terminals need to continue their trip with other bus shuttles within the security check area if they do not need to get their bags.

Terminal 2E Hall L (Satellite 3)

The completion of long Satellite 3 to the immediate east of Terminals 2E and 2F provides further jetways for large-capacity airliners, specifically the Airbus A380. Check-in and baggage handling are provided by the existing infrastructure in Terminals 2E and 2F. Satellite 3 was opened in part on 27 June 2007 and fully operational in September 2007. It corresponds now to gates L of terminal 2E.

Terminal 2E Hall M (Satellite 4)

The satellite S4, adjacent to the S3 and part of terminal 2E, officially opened on 28 June 2012. It corresponds now to gates M of terminal 2E. Dedicated to long-haul flights, it has the ability to handle 16 aircraft at the same time, with an expected capacity of 7.8 million passengers per year. Its opening has led to the relocation of all SkyTeam airlines to terminals 2E, 2F and 2G.

Future

Air France has moved all of its operations previously located at 2C to 2E. In October 2012, 2F closed its international operations and became completely Schengen, allowing for all Air France flights currently operating in 2D to relocate to terminal 2F. Further, in April 2013, Terminal 2B closed for a complete renovation and will receive upgrades including the addition of a second floor completely dedicated to arrivals. Once 2B is completed, 2D will close and receive similar upgrades, including the addition of a new floor. Low-cost carrier easyJet has shown its interest in being the sole carrier at 2B. To facilitate connections, a new boarding area between 2A and 2C was opened in March 2012. It allows for all security and passport control to be handled in a single area, allows for many new shopping opportunities as well as new airline lounges, and eases transfer restrictions between 2A and 2C.
According to La Tribune newspaper a new Terminal 4 is likely to be built around 2025, when Charles de Gaulle Airport's maximum capacity of 80 million will be reached. This new Terminal 4, when constructed, will be able to accommodate 30–40 million passengers per year and will most likely be built north of Terminal 2E.

Terminal 3

Terminal 3 is located 1 km away from Terminal 1. It consists of one single building for arrivals and departures. The walking distance between Terminals 1 and 3 is long, however, the rail station for RER and CDGVAL trains are only at a distance of. Terminal 3 has no boarding gates constructed and all passengers are ferried via boarding buses to the aircraft stands.

Roissypôle

Roissypôle is a complex consisting of office buildings, shopping areas, hotels, and a bus coach and RER B station within Charles de Gaulle Airport. The complex includes the head office of Air France, Continental Square, the Hilton Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport, and le Dôme building. Le Dôme includes the head office of Air France Consulting, an Air France subsidiary. Continental Square has the head office of Air France subsidiary Servair and the Air France Vaccinations Centre.

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Cargo

Ground transportation

CDGVAL

The airport's terminals are served by a free automated shuttle rail system, consisting of two lines. The shuttle train connects both railway stations for Terminals 1/3 and Terminal 2 in 8 minutes. It is based on the VAL design used in several French cities.

RER

Charles de Gaulle airport is connected to central Paris by the RER B Regional-Express services. During off-peak hours and weekends, there are two types of services:
  1. 4 trains per hour to Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse calling at all intermediate stations to Cité Universitaire, then Bourg-la-Reine, La Croix de Berny, Antony, Massy–Palaiseau and then all stations to Saint-Rémy-lès-Chevreuse.
  2. 4 trains per hour to Massy–Palaiseau, non-stop express until Gare du Nord and then all stations to Massy–Palaiseau.
The express RER B only calls at the railway stations of Terminal 1 and Terminal 2 before Gare du Nord. Journey time is 30–35 minutes. The stopping RER B takes about 35–40 minutes and is sometimes overtaken by the express RER B trains.
RER B is jointly operated by SNCF and RATP, but the Regional-Express used to suffer from slowness and overcrowding. For these reasons, French authorities have started two projects: CDG Express, which is supposed to link Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris Gare de l'Est railway station from 2023 with trains specifically designed for air travellers; RER B Nord Plus, which modernised and streamlined RER B rail traffic and network north of Gare du Nord from 2008 to 2013 then renovated the trains from 2010 to 2015.

TGV

Terminal 2 includes a TGV station on the LGV Interconnexion Est high-speed line. SNCF operates direct TGV services to several French stations from CDG, including Lille, Strasbourg, Dijon, Lyon, Avignon TGV, Marseille, Montpellier, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nantes, Poitiers, Rennes, Toulon, as well as services to Brussels in Belgium.

Bus

After the last RER B service at 23:50, the Noctilien N143 and N140 depart every 30 minutes and hour respectively from Terminal 1 Door D12, Terminal 2F Door 2 and Roissypôle coach station. Both bus lines run to Paris Gare de l'Est railway station.

Long-distance bus

Since 17 December 2012, SNCF's national and international coach network, OUIBUS, serves Charles de Gaulle Airport, by terminal 3, station CDG 1 to London, Lyon, Lille and Brussels. Flixbus serves CDG from at least Brussels and Amsterdam.

Car

Charles de Gaulle Airport is directly connected to Autoroute A1 which connects Paris and Lille.

Alternative airports

The two other airports serving Paris are Orly Airport and Le Bourget Airport.
Several low-cost airlines also advertise Beauvais–Tillé Airport and Châlons Vatry Airport, respectively and from Paris proper, as serving "Paris" with Paris–Beauvais and Paris–Vatry. Beauvais airport has no railway connections, but there is a shuttle bus to central Paris 15 times daily.

Accidents and incidents



The following table shows total passenger numbers.
YearPassengers
201976,150,007
201872,229,723
201769,471,442
201665,933,145
201565,766,986
201463,813,756
201362,052,917
201261,611,934
201160,970,551
201058,167,062
200957,906,866
200860,874,681

RankAirportPassengers 2019
1 Barcelona–El Prat1,360,998
2 Rome–Fiumicino1,304,921
3 London–Heathrow1,255,227
4 Amsterdam1,235,131
5 Madrid–Barajas1,108,561
6 Milan-Malpensa1,083,693
7 Frankfurt1,041,528
8 Munich1,014,084
9 Vienna942,651
10 Berlin-Tegel864,627

RankAirportPassengers 2019
1 New York–JFK1,675,8723.5
2 Dubai–International1,362,9781.5
3 Montreal–Trudeau1,185,7625.2
4 Los Angeles1,066,68520.4
5 Shanghai–Pudong970,9896.0
6 Atlanta849,7367.8
7 Tel Aviv841,8072.7
8 Doha749,9659.1
9 Seoul686,8723.7
10 Abu Dhabi619,75823.8