Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test
The Culture Fair Intelligence Test was created by Raymond Cattell in 1949 as an attempt to measure cognitive abilities devoid of sociocultural and environmental influences. Scholars have subsequently concluded that the attempt to construct measures of cognitive abilities devoid of the influences of experiential and cultural conditioning is a challenging one. Cattell proposed that general intelligence comprises both Fluid Intelligence and Crystallized Intelligence. Whereas Gf is biologically and constitutionally based, Gc is the actual level of a person's cognitive functioning, based on the augmentation of Gf through sociocultural and experiential learning.
The most widely used individual tests of cognitive abilities, such as the current editions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, report cognitive ability scores as "deviation IQs" with 15 and 16 IQ points respectively, corresponding to one standard deviation above or below the mean, Cattell built into the CFIT a standard deviation of 16 IQ points.
Cultural and age differences
Crystallized intelligence refers to that aspect of cognition in which initial intelligent judgments have become crystallized as habits. Fluid intelligence is in several ways more fundamental and is particularly evident in tests requiring responses to novel situations. Before biological maturity individual differences between Gf and Gc will be mainly a function of differences in cultural opportunity and interest. Among adults, however, these discrepancies will also reflect differences with increasing age because the gap between Gc and Gf will tend to increase with experience which raises Gc, whereas Gf gradually declines as a result of declining brain function.Question items
The Culture Fair tests consist of three scales with non-verbal visual puzzles. Scale I includes eight subtests of mazes, copying symbols, identifying similar drawings and other non-verbal tasks. Both Scales II and III consist of four subtests that include completing a sequence of drawings, a classification subtest where respondents pick a drawing that is different from other drawings, a matrix subtest that involves completing a matrix of patterns, and a conditions subtest which involves which, out of several geometric designs, fulfills a specific given condition.Current use
The Cattell Culture Fair Intelligence Test is not completely free from the influence of culture and learning. Some high-IQ societies, such as The Triple Nine Society, accept high scores on the CFIT-III as one of a variety of old and new tests for admission to the society. A combined minimum raw score of 85 on Forms A and B is required for admission.The tests are used by many including Mensa, which offers a place in their society to anyone scoring in the top 2% IQ scores.
Validity
Direct concept validity
Direct concept validity refers to the degree to which a certain scale correlates with the concept or construct which it purports to measure. Concept validity is thus measured by correlating the scale with the pure factor and this can only be carried out by performing a methodologically sound factor analysis. The relatively high loading of the Culture Fair Intelligence Test on the fluid intelligence factor indicates that the CFIT does, in fact, have a reasonably high direct concept validity with respect to the concept of fluid intelligence. The Culture Fair Intelligence Test was found to load more highly on a "General Intelligence" factor than on an "Achievement" factor, which is consistent with the concept that the CFIT is a measure of "fluid" rather than "crystallized" intelligence.Convergent validity
is the extent to which the Culture Fair Intelligence Test correlates with other tests of intelligence, achievement, and aptitude. The intercorrelations between the Culture Fair Intelligence Test and some other intelligence tests have been reported, as shown in the Table below.| Mean I | Test | |||||||
| 96 | Culture Fair Intelligence Test IQ | 1.00 | .49 | .69 | .62 | .63 | .72 | |
| 87 | Otis Beta Test IQ | 1.00 | .80 | .69 | .45 | .66 | ||
| 90 | Pintner Test IQ | 1.00 | .81 | .55 | .79 | |||
| 92 | WISC Verbal IQ | 1.00 | .55 | .79 | ||||
| 93 | WISC Performance IQ | 1.00 | .79 | |||||
| 92 | WISC Full Scale IQ | 1.00 |