In management accounting, the Cash conversion cycle measures how long a firm will be deprived of cash if it increases its investment in inventory in order to expand customer sales. It is thus a measure of the liquidity risk entailed by growth. However, shortening the CCC creates its own risks: while a firm could even achieve a negative CCC by collecting from customers before paying suppliers, a policy of strict collections and tax payments is not always sustainable.
Cashflows insufficient. The term "Cash Conversion Cycle" refers to the timespan between a firm's disbursing and collecting cash. However, the CCC cannot be directly observed in cashflows, because these are also influenced by investment and financing activities; it must be derived from Statement of Financial Positiondata associated with the firm's operations. Equation describes retailer. Although the term "cash conversion cycle" technically applies to a firm in any industry, the equation is generically formulated to apply specifically to a retailer. Since a retailer's operations consist of buying and selling inventory, the equation models the time between Equation describes a firm that buys and sells on account. Also, the equation is written to accommodate a firm that buys and sells on account. For a cash-only firm, the equation would only need data from sales operations, because disbursing cash would be directly measurable as purchase of inventory, and collecting cash would be directly measurable as sale of inventory. However, no such 1:1 correspondence exists for a firm that buys and sells on account: Increases and decreases in inventory do not occasion cashflows but accounting vehicles ; increases and decreases in cash will remove these accounting vehicles from the books. Thus, the CCC must be calculated by tracing a change in cash through its effect upon receivables, inventory, payables, and finally back to cash—thus, the term cash conversion cycle, and the observation that these four accounts "articulate" with one another. Suppliers deliver inventory
Taking these four transactions in pairs, analysts draw attention to five important intervals, referred to as conversion cycles :
the Cash conversion cycle emerges as interval C→D.
the Payables conversion period emerges as interval A→C
the Operating cycle emerges as interval A→D
*the Inventory conversion period or "Days inventory outstanding" emerges as interval A→B
*the Receivables conversion period emerges as interval B→D
Knowledge of any three of these conversion cycles permits derivation of the fourth Hence, In calculating each of these three constituent conversion cycles, the equation Time = Level/Rate is used.
Its LEVEL "during the period in question" is estimated as the average of its levels in the two balance-sheets that surround the period: /2.
*Payables conversion period: Rate = , since these are the items for the period that can increase "trade accounts payables," i.e. the ones that grew its inventory.
*:Note that an exception is made when calculating this interval: although a period average for the Level of inventory is used, any increase in inventory contributes to its Rate of change. This is because the purpose of the CCC is to measure the effects of inventory growth on cash outlays. If inventory grew during the period, this would be important to know.
*Inventory conversion period: Rate = COGS, since this is the item that shrinks inventory.
*Receivables conversion period: Rate = revenue, since this is the item that can grow receivables.
Aims
The aim of studying cash conversion cycle and its calculation is to change the policies relating to credit purchase and credit sales. The standard of payment of credit purchase or getting cash from debtors can be changed on the basis of reports of cash conversion cycle. If it tells good cash liquidity position, past credit policies can be maintained. Its aim is also to study cash flow of business. Cash flow statement and cash conversion cycle study will be helpful for cash flow analysis. The CCC readings can be compared among different companies in the same industry segment to evaluate the quality of cash management.
