Caribbean bioregion
The Caribbean bioregion is a biogeographic region that includes the islands of the Caribbean Sea and nearby Atlantic islands, which share a fauna, flora and mycobiota distinct from surrounding bioregions.
The Caribbean bioregion, as described by the World Wildlife Fund, includes the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, the Lucayan archipelago, and Aruba, Bonaire, and Curaçao. The Lucayan archipelago lies north of the Caribbean in the Atlantic Ocean, but is part of the bioregion based on its flora and fauna. The bioregion does not include Trinidad and Tobago; these islands rest on South America's continental shelf, and have been historically part of the South American continent. Trinidad and Tobago are part of the Orinoco bioregion
The climate of the ecoregion is tropical, and varies from humid to arid. Geology and topography also vary, with larger mountainous islands of continental rock, volcanic islands, and low-lying coral and limestone islands. The bioregion includes tropical moist forests, tropical dry forests, tropical pine forests, flooded grasslands and savannas, xeric shrublands, and mangroves.
The Caribbean bioregion's distinct fauna, flora and mycobiota was shaped by long periods of physical separation from the neighboring continents, allowing animals, fungi and plants to evolve in isolation. Other animals, fungi and plants arrived via long-distance oceanic dispersal or island hopping from North America and South America.
The bioregion has many plant species, including many endemics. There are about 200 endemic genera of plants. Wallenia, the largest endemic genus, has thirty species, and six other genera have ten or more species.
Three mammal families are endemic to the bioregion; the Solenodontidae includes two species of Solenodon, one species on Cuba, the other on Hispaniola. Fossil evidence shows that the family was once more widespread in North America. Family Nesophontidae, or the West Indian shrews, contained a single genus, Nesophontes, which inhabited Cuba, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico and the Cayman Islands. All members of the family are now believed to be extinct. The Capromyidae, or hutias, include a number of species, mainly from the Greater Antilles. Many other rodents of the Caribbean are also restricted to the region.Ecoregions
- Cuban moist forests
- Hispaniolan moist forests
- Jamaican moist forests
- Leeward Islands moist forests
- Puerto Rican moist forests
- South Florida rocklands
- Windward Islands moist forests
- Bahamian dry forests
- Cayman Islands dry forests
- Cuban dry forests
- Hispaniolan dry forests
- Jamaican dry forests
- Leeward Islands dry forests
- Puerto Rican dry forests
- Windward Islands dry forests
- Bahamian pineyards
- Cuban pine forests
- Hispaniolan pine forests
- Cuban wetlands
- Enriquillo wetlands
- Everglades
- Aruba-Curaçao-Bonaire cactus scrub
- Cayman Islands xeric scrub
- Cuban cactus scrub
- Leeward Islands xeric scrub
- Windward Islands xeric scrub
- Bahamian mangroves
- Greater Antilles mangroves
- Lesser Antilles mangroves
