Canada Command's primary role was to "deter, prevent, preempt, and defeat threats and aggression aimed at Canada". To this end, the command was responsible for assessing and developing national contingency response plans in order to react rapidly at the request of the Government of Canada. It shared resources with the Canadian Operational Support Command, the Canadian Special Operations Forces Command and to a lesser extent with the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command, offered a single point of contact for civil authorities, law enforcement agencies and security partners, and maintained a close relationship with the United States Northern Command and the North American Aerospace Defence Command. The command was divided into ten subordinate organizations: six joint task forces, three search and rescue regions, and a single air component commander responsible for the allocation of air assets to the JTFs. At the national and regional level, Canada Command planned for contingencies, allocated resources for routine domestic and continental operations, and maintained the capacity to deploy military assets in assistance to civil authorities. Canada Command reported directly to the Chief of the Defence Staff and was headed by Lieutenant-General Walter Semianiw, and its senior non-commissioned member was Chief Warrant Officer Michel J.Y. Ouellet,.
Domestic operations
Natural disaster or security incident response in Canada is generally the responsibility of local and provincial governments, who may come to require the help of the federal government. In such cases, and at the explicit request of the Minister of Public Safety, Canada Command could allocate military resources to assist civil authorities in humanitarian capacity, and if the Emergencies Act was activated, in peace enforcement capacity. The command could also be called to coordinate military resources in support of law enforcement and federal agencies as part of an Integrated Security Unit during large national events. This was the case during the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, the 2010 G-8 Huntsville summit and the 2010 G-20 Toronto summit. Routine operations conducted by Canada Command included the deployment of support elements to various Royal Canadian Mounted Police operations, Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Canadian Coast Guard in sea and coastal patrol and the war on drugs in the Caribbean, and Parks Canada in security enforcement and avalanche control. The command was also the main coordinator of joint exercises, such as the annual Operation Nanook, and a multitude of field exercises and manoeuvres. The control and coordination of military resources placed under Canada Command was assumed at the national level and through six regional task forces:
The Combined Force Air Component Commander, based at the CFB Winnipeg air base in Manitoba, is responsible for the air support elements placed under the command through the Regional Air Component Elements and for the assignment of assets to the Canadian NORAD Region through the Royal Canadian Air Force's 1 Canadian Air Division.
Search and rescue
Federal search and rescue in Canada is managed by the Department of National Defence's autonomous National Search and Rescue Secretariat in collaboration with a multitude of agencies, among them the Canadian Forces. Using assets generated and maintained by the Royal Canadian Air Force and the civilian Canadian Coast Guard, Canada Command assumed operational control of the primary SAR response providers through three Search and Rescue Regions and their associated coordination centres:
JRCC Victoria, based at the CFB Esquimalt naval base in British Columbia, is responsible for the Victoria Search and Rescue Region, consisting of British Columbia, Yukon and over 560,000 square kilometres in the Pacific Ocean.
JRCC Halifax, based at the CFB Halifax naval base in Nova Scotia, is responsible for the Halifax Search and Rescue Region, covering more than 4,700,000 square kilometres from Quebec City to the Eastern Arctic, including all four Atlantic provinces.
History
Canada Command was created on 1 February 2006 as part of a restructuring of the Canadian Forces. Prior to the establishment of the command, national contingency and routine operations were carried directly by the three environmental services. The North American ice storm of 1998 and the September 11 attacks showed a need for a more efficient and coherent organization to coordinate military resources with civil authorities and the United States. Since its creation, Canada Command has conducted humanitarian operations in Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba, in fighting floods, repairing critical infrastructure, recovering drivers stuck in severe winter storms, and conducting evacuation of threatened communities. In May 2012, in a major restructuring of the Canadian Forces, Canada Command was merged with the Canadian Expeditionary Force Command and the Canadian Operational Support Command to form the Canadian Joint Operations Command.
