CAMM (missile family)
The CAMM series is a familyCAMM #cite note-9| of surface-to-air missiles developed by MBDA for the United Kingdom. CAMM shares some common features and components with the ASRAAM air-to-air missile, but with updated electronics and an active radar homing seeker. The Common Anti-Air Modular Missile is replacing the Sea Wolf missile on Type 23 frigates of the Royal Navy since 2018, will replace the Rapier missile in British Army service and is contributing to the updating of MBDA's ASRAAM in service with the Royal Air Force. CAMM #cite note-contract-1|CAMM #cite note-10|
Characteristics
CAMM is a point defence and local area defence missile designed to respond to sophisticated missile attacks and has the capability to defend against saturation attacks of supersonic anti-ship cruise missiles, aircraft and other high-performance targets.CAMM #cite note-naval-technology-8| It does this via multiple channels of fire, providing 360-degree simultaneous coverage and high degrees of manoeuvrability. MBDA state that CAMM has a "high rate of fire against multiple simultaneous targets",CAMM #cite note-MBDAdatasheet-24| providing capabilities comparable to the Aster 15 missile.Design characteristics allow for low cost by modularity and minimising electromechanical complexity through implementing most functionality in software. Additionally, the command and control software reuses over 75% of that developed for the PAAMS system.CAMM #cite note-dsei11-12|
CAMM has a minimum operational range of less than 1 km and a maximum range greater than 25 km, although IHS Jane's reports that trials have a shown a capability of up to 60 km. These ranges are significantly greater than the 1–10 km range of Sea Wolf and other systems CAMM will replace.CAMM #cite note-Sweetman20110523-23| CAMM weights 99 kilograms, is in length, 166 millimetres diameter and reaches generous supersonic speeds of Mach 3.
CAMM's claimed benefits include:
- Active RF seeker that means there is no need for complex and high-cost fire control/illumination radars
- A two-way datalink.
- A Soft Vertical Launch system that offers 360° degree coverage. This uses a gas generator to eject the missile from its canister, the benefits of which include increased range – by saving all the rocket motor's energy to power the intercept – reduced minimum intercept range, reduced stress on launch platforms, reduced maintenance costs, more compact installations on ships and there being no need to manage the hot gas efflux on board, reduced launch signature, and on land the possibility of firing the missile from wooded or urban areas.
- CAMM comes in its own launch canisters, or alternately can be quad-packed into existing vertical launching systems.
History
The Common Anti-Air Modular Missile has its roots in a Technology Demonstration Programme, jointly funded by MBDA and the Ministry of Defence as part of the United Kingdom's Future Local Area Air Defence System. Phase 1 of the TDP worked on technologies for soft vertical launch, the low-cost active radar seeker, a dual-band two-way datalink and a programmable open systems architecture. Phase 2 began in 2008 and covered the manufacture of flight-worthy subsystems, mid-course guidance firings and captive airborne seeker trials on a Qinetiq Andover experimental aircraft. The Soft Vertical Launch was proven over a series of trials, culminating in a successful truck launch in May 2011. The MoD decision on the business case for the naval variant was scheduled for 2010. After publishing the Strategic Defence and Security Review in October 2010, the business case was approved in April 2011.FLAADS is part of a wider UK 'Complex Weapons' programme to deliver a variety of UK industry based weapons. FLAADS is intended to deliver a common weapons platform to equip forces in the air, land and maritime environments. During the early stages of the FLAADS programme, requirements were identified for the new missile to meet the known and unknown air threats of not only the present, but those well into the future too. Thought was particularly given to meeting a target set "of complex airborne targets which are typified by high speed, rapid evasive manoeuvres, low signatures and advanced countermeasure."
Milestones
- In January 2012, MBDA and the Ministry of Defence announced a contract worth £483 million to fully develop the maritime application of CAMM known as Sea Ceptor for the Royal Navy.
- In October 2013, the Royal New Zealand Navy selected CAMM to equip their Anzac-class frigates and.
- In August 2014, the Chilean Navy emerged as a potential export customer for CAMM to equip their Type 23 frigates.
- In November 2014, the Brazilian Navy selected CAMM to equip their future Tamandaré-class frigates.
- In January 2015, the Ministry of Defence announced that it had signed a development and manufacturing deal with MBDA in late December 2014.
- In May 2016, the Spanish Navy selected CAMM-ER to equip their future F110-class frigates. Later in 2018 the missile lost against RIM-162 Evolved SeaSparrow Missile Block II
- In September 2017, the first Sea Ceptor missile was successfully fired at sea from the Type 23 frigate, HMS Argyll.
Applications
Sea
The maritime application of CAMM is known as Sea Ceptor.MBDA claim that CAMM has a "wide target set", including the capability to engage small naval vessels, which would give the missile a limited surface-to-surface role.CAMM #cite note-CAMM Common Anti-Air Modular Missile air defense system-25| A Royal Navy Officer of the Type 23 Frigate HMS Westminster stated: “Westminster managed to explore the real potential of the system during her training and to say it is a real game changer is an understatement. Unlike its predecessor, the system is capable of defending ships other than Westminster herself. Whether it’s engaging multiple air threats or fast incoming attack craft, Sea Ceptor represents a massive capability upgrade for the Type 23 frigate.”
Land
On land, CAMM is known as Land Ceptor by the British Army and the whole land-based air defence system is known as Sky Sabre. The system has over three-times the range of its predecessor Rapier.For international customers, MBDA markets the "Enhanced Modular Air Defence Solutions." This is a rapidly deployable point and area defence system designed to protect mobile and static high value assets. It provides all-weather protection against air targets, including low level terrain and high altitude threats. Each EMADS launcher is scalable and can carry multiple CAMM or CAMM-ER missiles as well as being mobile with off-road capability. The system provides EMADS with pre-launch targeting information based on track data from a suitable radar sensor.
Air
Originally, the CAMM program aspired to provide Land, Sea and Air launched capabilities, but it was deemed more effective to instead develop CAMM for use for land and sea only, while using the well established ASRAAM short range air-to-air missile to cover the air launched role. However, technologies and components developed for CAMM have been used as part of an upgrade to ASRAAM.Operators
Current operators
- Royal Navy - Sea Ceptor was officially declared "In Service" with the Royal Navy in May 2018, and the Type 23 Frigate fleet is being upgraded from Sea Wolf. Sea Ceptor will also equip the Type 26 Frigates and Type 31 Frigates.
- British Army - Sky Sabre selected to replace Rapier.
Future operators
- Brazilian Navy - CAMM selected to equip new Tamandaré class frigates.
- Brazilian Marine Corps: AV-MMA, a CAMM variant, will equip an anti-aircraft version of the Astros II MLRS.
- Chilean Navy - Selected to replace Sea Wolf on the current Type 23 frigates
- Italian Army - CAMM-ER selected to replace Skyguard batteries with PCMI/X-TAR 3D
- Italian Air Force - CAMM-ER selected to replace SPADA batteries with MAADS/Kronos LND
- Italian Navy - CAMM-ER to replace Aster 15 missiles.
- Royal New Zealand Navy - Selected for ANZAC frigate upgrade.