Burcombe is a village and a civil parish in Wiltshire, England. The village is about west of Salisbury city centre and lies each side of an unclassified road. Burcombe is an unspoiled village with many of the houses' gardens leading down to the River Nadder. The parish includes the hamlet of Ugford which is on the A30 road near the boundary with Wilton parish.
History
The name is thought to derive from the Saxon name of Brydancumb or Bryda's Valley. At one time in antiquity the village was called South Burcombe and had a twin, North Burcombe, which stood on the north side of what is now the A30 road. Nothing remains of North Burcombe but the church. Evidence of Neolithic or Bronze Age activity in the area includes, in the south of the parish, a round barrow at the top of a steep slope overlooking Punch Bowl Bottom, a deep valley in the downland with a semicircular head. Part of the northern boundary of Burcombe parish follows Grovely Ditch or Grim's Ditch, an Iron Age earthwork. Small settlements at Bredecube and Ocheforde were recorded in the 1086 Domesday survey, when some of the land was held by Wilton Abbey. Ugford House is dated 1636. Much of the housing in Burcombe village was built by the Wilton estate, including Burcombe Manor, a farmhouse dated 1865. The ancient parish of Burcombe extended further west towards Ditchampton and Wilton. In 1885 Wilton's boundaries were enlarged to include part of Burcombe, which was known for a short time as Burcombe Within; in 1934 a further small part of Burcombe was transferred to Wilton. Until 1884, North Ugford was part of South Newton parish. A church stood in the 13th century but there is no record of it after 1535. The 1934 enlargement of Wilton took some of the Ugford land, thus Wilton's western boundary is now just east of Ugford hamlet.
The Church of England parish church of St John is built on higher ground near the A30 road, to the north of the village centre, it is assumed to protect it from the possibility of flooding from the river in the lower part of the valley. It was permitted by the Abbesses of Wilton and has features in the corner work of the masonry which indicate strongly that it was originally of Saxon construction, although it has undergone many changes, including restoration in 1859 by T.H. Wyatt. The church is unusual in that it has a tower, rebuilt in 1667, which is lower than the nave roof. In 1960 the church was designated as a Grade II* listed building. It was declared redundant in 2005 and its sale was proposed in 2007.
The Quare Maps
When John Speed prepared a map of Wiltshire he copied a version by Christopher Saxton which contained the annotation Quare over the site of South Burcombe. It is thought that he intended to check the name later, but never did. Later map printers copied Speed's error and the Quare maps of Wiltshire appeared for 145 years until the mistake was rectified.
Amenities
The Ship Inn at Burcombe is a 17th-century village pub with whitewashed walls, low ceilings with oak beams and a large open fire. The village has a butcher's shop and a small suite of rented offices.
