Brasil, also known as Hy-Brasil or several other variants, is a phantom island said to lie in the Atlantic Ocean west of Ireland. Irish myths described it as cloaked in mist except for one day every seven years, when it becomes visible but still cannot be reached.
Etymology
The etymology of the names Brasil and Hy-Brasil is unknown, but in Irish tradition it is thought to come from the Irish Uí Breasail, one of the ancient clans of northeastern Ireland. cf. Old Irish: Í: island; bres: beauty, worth, great, mighty. Despite the similarity, the name of the country Brazil, also spelled Brasil, has no connection to the mythical islands. The South American country was at first named Ilha de Vera Cruz and later Terra de Santa Cruz by the Portuguese navigators who arrived there. After some decades, it started to be called "Brazil" due to the exploitation of native brazilwood, at that time the only export of the land. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the wordbrasil commonly given the etymology "red like an ember", formed from Latinbrasa and the suffix -il.
Appearance on maps
Nautical charts identified an island called "Bracile" west of Ireland in the Atlantic Ocean as far back as 1325, in a portolan chart by Angelino Dulcert. Later it appeared as Insula de Brasil in the Venetian map of Andrea Bianco, attached to one of the larger islands of a group of islands in the Atlantic. This was identified for a time with the modern island of Terceira in the Azores. A Catalan chart of about 1480 labels two islands "Illa de brasil", one to the south west of Ireland and one south of "Illa verde" or Greenland. On maps the island was shown as being circular, often with a central strait or river running east–west across its diameter. Despite the failure of attempts to find it, this appeared regularly on maps lying south west of Galway Bay until 1865, by which time it was called Brasil Rock.
Map gallery
Searches for the island
Expeditions left Bristol in 1480 and 1481 to search for the island; and a letter written by Pedro de Ayala, shortly after the return of John Cabot, reports that land found by Cabot had been "discovered in the past by the men from Bristol who found Brasil". In 1674 a Captain John Nisbet claimed to have seen the island when on a journey from France to Ireland, stating that the island was inhabited by large black rabbits and a magician who lived alone in a stone castle, yet the character and the story were a literary invention by Irish authorRichard Head. Roderick O'Flaherty in A Chorographical Description of West or H-Iar Connaught tells us "There is now living, Morogh O'Ley, who imagines he was personally on O'Brasil for two days, and saw out of it the iles of Aran, Golamhead , Irrosbeghill, and other places of the west continent he was acquainted with." Hy-Brasil has also been identified with Porcupine Bank, a shoal in the Atlantic Ocean about west of Ireland and discovered in 1862. As early as 1870 a paper was read to the Geological Society of Ireland suggesting this identification. The suggestion has since appeared more than once, e.g., in an 1883 edition of Notes and Queries and in various twentieth-century publications, one of the more recent being Graham Hancock's book Underworld: The Mysterious Origins of Civilization.
Due to the similarity to Brazil, the name "Hy Brasil" is used to refer toSouth America in the Warhammer 40,000science fiction franchise. In Jack Vance's Lyonesse Trilogy, the largest island of the Elder Isles, where the titular kingdom is located, is called "Hybras", which the prologue of the first book states to be the in-universe origin for the name of Hy-Brasil. In the film Erik the Viking, the characters must travel to Hy-Brasil to obtain a magical horn. Fulfillment of a curse leads to the sinking of the island. ’s short story uses the myth as an allegory of the breach caused by the Northern Irish “Troubles.” Mary Burke, “Hy-Brasil” in Ed. David Marcus. London: Faber & Faber, 2005, 101-05.
