Bleeping has been used for many years as a means of censoringTV programs to remove content not deemed suitable for "family", "daytime", "broadcasting", or "international" viewing and personal information for privacy. The bleep censor is a software module, manually operated by a broadcast technician. A bleep is sometimes accompanied by a digital blur or box over the speaker's mouth in cases where the removed speech may still be easily understood by lip reading. On closed caption subtitling, bleeped words are usually represented by "", sometimes the phrases "", "", "", "" occasionally hyphens, and sometimes asterisks or other non-letter symbols, remaining faithful to the audio track. "Cunt" and "shit" may also be censored in the same manner. The characters used to denote censorship in text are called grawlixes. Where open captions are used, a blank is used where the word is bleeped. Occasionally, bleeping is not reflected in the captions, allowing the unedited dialogue to be seen. Sometimes, a "black bar" can be seen for closed caption bleep. Bleeping is normally only used in unscripted programs – documentaries, radio features, panel games etc. – since scripted drama and comedy are designed to suit the time of broadcast. In the case of comedies, most excessive bleeping may be used for humorous purposes. Other uses of bleep censoring may include reality television, infomercials, game shows and daytime/late night talk shows, where identifying information such as ages, surnames, addresses/hometowns, phone numbers and attempts to advertise a personal business without advanced or appropriate notice will be silenced or bleeped to maintain the subject's privacy. When films are edited for daytime TV, broadcasters usually prefer not to bleep swearing, but cut out the segment containing it, replace the speech with different words, or cover it with silence or a sound effect. In the United Kingdom, under Ofcom guidelines, television and radio commercials are not allowed to use bleeps to obscure swearing. However, this does not apply to program trailers or cinema advertisements. In the United States, the FCC has the right to regulate un-bleeped indecent broadcasts, but neither actively monitors television broadcasts nor keepsa record of television broadcasts. The FCC enforces indecency laws on reports of un-bleeped indecency occurring during watershed that are documented by the public. Some television and cinematic productions work around the requirement of a censor bleep by writing dialogue in a language that the intended audience is unlikely to understand.
