Beit Ur al Fauqa is located west of Ramallah. It is bordered by Beituniya to the east, Deir Ibzi to the north, Beit Ur at Tahta and Kharbatha al Misbah to the west, and At Tira and Beit Anan to the south. The villages of Beit Ur crown two hilltops, less than apart along Route 443, the Biblical way of Bethoron. For many centuries, the villages occupying their sites dominated one of the most historic roads in history. The ridge way of Bethoron climbs from the plain of Aijalon to Beit Ur al-Tahta at ; it then carries along the ridge, with valleys lying either side, north and south, before reaching Beit Ur al Fauqa at. The ridge continues for another arriving at the plateau to the north of al-Jib.
History
Beit Ur al-Fauqa preserves part of the original Canaanite name for the village, and has been identified as the sites of Upper Bethoron. Archaeological finds indicate that Lower Bethoron was established before Upper Bethoron; potsherds found in Beit Ur al-Fauqa date from the Iron Age onward, while potsherds from the lower town date from the Late Bronze Age. A large birkeh north-east in the village is cut in rock. The Hasmoneans twice blocked the way of Hellenistic forces marching toward Jerusalem in Upper Bethoron. In the third attempt, Bacchides succeeded in subduing the Hasmoneans and fortified this strategic pass. It was in the ravines near Bethoron that the 12th Roman Legion under Cestius Gallus was destroyed in 66 CE at the start of the First Jewish–Roman War. After the subjugation of the Jewish Revolt in 70 CE, the Romans built a fortress in the town to guard the road to Jerusalem. During the later Roman period and under the Byzantines, Beit Ur al-Fauqa lost its importance, becoming a small village by the 5th century CE. The village has been identified with the Bethoron Superior or Vetus Betor in the Crusader era. Melisende, Queen of Jerusalem gave it as a fief to Mar Saba. In 1165/64 CE, it was sold to the canons of the Holy Sepulchre. The remains of a tower, Al-Burj, in the village is dated to this era. An Arabic inscription with a verse from the Qur'an was found on a ruined stone structure in Beit Ur al-Fauqa and is attributed by Moshe Sharon to the Ayyubid period of rule in Palestine.
Ottoman era
Beit Ur al-Fauqa, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village appeared as being in the Nahiya of Quds of the Liwa of Quds. It had a population of 5 Muslim households and paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olives, goats and/or beehives; a total of 535 akçe. In 1838 it was noted as a Muslim village, located in the Beni Malik area, west of Jerusalem. The French explorerVictor Guérin visited the village in 1863, and he described it as having about 150 inhabitants, and surrounded by gardens of olive trees. He also noted the remains of a small castle. An official Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Bet Ur el-Foqa had 53 houses and a population of 159, though it only counted the men. In 1883, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine described Beit Ur Al Foka as "A small village built of stone at the end of a spur on a knoll. The ground falls very steeply to the west. The water supply is artificial, and on the north and south are deep valleys. The west view is very extensive, including the sea, the plains of Lydda and Ramleh, and part of the valley of Ajalon."
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Beit 'Ur al-Fuqa had a population of 147, all Muslim. By the time of the 1931 census, Beit 'Ur al-Fauqa had 47 occupied houses and a population of 173, still all Muslim. In the 1945 village statistics the population was 210, all Muslims, while the total land area was, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, were allocated for plantations and irrigable land, for cereals, while were classified as built-up areas.
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Beit Ur al-Fauqa had been under Israeli occupation. The population of Beit Ur Fouqa in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 298, of whom 37 originated from the Israeli territory. After the 1995 accords, 12.1% of village land was classified as Area B, while the remaining 87.9% was classified as Area C. Israel has confiscated of land from the village in order to construct the Israeli settlement of Beit Horon. After a settlement road denied them land access to their school, the children of the village now commute to the local al-Tira Beit Ur al-Fuqa high school, which is surrounded by the Israeli separation wall on three sides, through sewage channels. Many village families use to dwell in nearby caves, but to improve their lives they built homes, many of which are now subject to a demolition order after Israel decided to define their area as an archaeological site.
Notable people
Here was born and still lives Mrs Muftiyah Tlaib, grandmother of US congresswoman Rashida Tlaib.
