Beer in Wales
Welsh beer is beer brewed in Wales.
History
At least as early as the 6th century, the Druidic legendary person Ceridwen is associated with cauldrons and intoxicating preparations of grain in herbs in many poems of Taliesin, particularly the Hanes Taliesin. This preparation, Gwîn a Bragawd, is said to have brought "science, inspiration and immortality".The Welsh Triads attribute the introduction of brewing grains barley and wheat to Coll, and name Llonion in Pembrokeshire as the source of the best barley, while Maes Gwenith in Gwent produces superior wheat and bees.
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for 852 records a distinction between "fine ale" and Welsh ale, also called bragawd. Bragawd, also called braggot, is somewhat between mead and what we today think of as ale. Saxon-period Welsh ale was a heady, strong beverage, made with spices such as cinnamon, ginger and clove as well as herbs and honey. Bragawd was often prepared in monasteries, with Tintern Abbey and the Friary of Carmarthen producing the beverage until Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries in 1536.
In the Laws of Hywel Dda, meanwhile, a distinction is drawn between bragawd and cwrwf, with bragawd being worth twice as much. Bragawd in this context is a fermented drink based on cwrwf to which honey, sweet wort, and ginger have been added.
Welsh beer is noted as a distinct style as late as 1854, with a recipe made solely from pale malt and hops described in a recipe book of the time.
Wales, along with the rest of Britain, came under the influence of the temperance movement, along with a burgeoning Welsh moral code based on Presbyterian and other Non-conformist beliefs in relation to alcohol. This rested against a background of places where there has historically been a lot of heavy industry such as coal mining in south Wales and the north east. This has given some people the impression that all Welsh beers have been very weak. However, as with beers all over Britain, alcohol percentages vary.
Wrexham was one of the first places in the UK to brew lager. Homesick German immigrant brothers from Saxony started the process in 1882. Its demise came in 2000, when the site of Wrexham Lager was sold and subsequently demolished.
Investment by the Welsh Development Agency has helped establish a large number of breweries in Wales in recent years.
In the 1930s, Felinfoel Brewery was the first brewery in the UK to produce and sell beer in cans.
The largest brewer and packager of beer in Wales by far is the Budweiser Brewing Group Brewery in Magor. The brewery was built in 1979 by the Whitbread brewing group and is now operated by the Budweiser Brewing Group, part of AB-InBev the world's largest brewer. The brewery is one of the largest in the UK producing over 5 Million hectare litres every year.
Welsh local historian Deiniol ap Dafydd claims Arthur Guinness used a Welsh recipe from Llanfairfechan near Bangor for his stout
In 2012 CAMRA correctly predicted that 'The number of microbreweries in Wales is set to carry on rising as the pub industry deals with continued closures'.
Tiny Rebel brewery won CAMRA's 2015 Supreme Champion Beer of Britain for its Cwtch Welsh Red Ale.
List of notable Welsh breweries
Brewery | Town | County | Since |
Axiom Brewing Company | Wrexham | Clwyd | 2014 |
Big Hand Brewing | Wrexham | Clwyd | 2013 |
Bluestone Brewing | Newport | Pembrokeshire | 2013 |
Borough Brewery | Neath | West Glamorgan | 2014 |
Boss Brewing | Swansea | West Glamorgan | 2015 |
Bragdy Cybi | Caergybi | Anglesey | 2020 |
Bragdy Nant Brewery | Llanrwst | Clwyd | 2007 |
Bragdy Twt Lol ~ The Trefforest Brewery | Trefforest / Treforest, Pontypridd | Mid Glamorgan | 2015 |
Brains Brewery | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 1882 |
Breconshire Brewery | Brecon | Powys | 2002 |
Brew Monster | Cwmbran | Gwent | 2017 |
Bryncelyn Brewery | Ystalyfera | West Glamorgan | 1999 |
Budweiser Brewing Group - Magor | Magor | Monmouthshire | 1979 |
Bullmastiff Brewery | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 1987 |
Buzzard Brewery | Llandyrnog | Clwyd | 2012 |
Cader Ales | Dolgellau | Gwynedd | 2013 |
Caffle Brewery | Narberth | Dyfed | 2013 |
Celt Experience | Caerphilly | Gwent | 2007 |
Coles Family Brewery | Llanddarog | Carmarthenshire | 1999 |
Conwy Brewery | Llysfaen | Clwyd | 2003 |
Crafty Devil | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 2014 |
Cwrw Iâl Community Brewing Company | Eryrys | Clwyd | 2013 |
Cwrw Llŷn | Pwllheli | Gwynedd | 2011 |
Cwrw Ogwen | Bethesda, Gwynedd | Gwynedd | 2017 |
Deva Craft Beer | Deeside | Flintshire | 2015 |
Dog's Window Brewery | Bridgend | Mid Glamorgan | 2018 |
Drop Bear Beer Co Ltd. | Swansea | Swansea | 2019 |
Erddig Brewery | Wrexham | Clwyd | 2014 |
Evan Evans | Llandeilo | Dyfed | 2004 |
Facer's Flintshire Brewery | Flint Mountain | Clwyd | 2006 |
Felinfoel Brewery | Felinfoel | Dyfed | 1878 |
Geipel Brewing | Llangwm | Denbighshire | 2013 |
Glamorgan Brewing | Llantrisant | Mid Glamorgan | 1994 |
Gower Brewery | Oldwalls | Swansea | 2011 |
Great Orme Brewery | Llandudno | Clwyd | 2009 |
Grey Trees Brewery | Aberaman | Mid Glamorgan | 2011 |
Hafod Brewing Company | Mold | Clwyd | 2011 |
Handmade Beer Company | Capel Dewi | Dyfed | 2013 |
Heart of Wales Brewery | Llanwrtyd Wells | Powys | 2007 |
Heavy Industry Brewing | Henllan | Denbighshire | 2012 |
Hurns Brewing Company | Swansea | Glamorgan | 2002 |
Jacobi Brewery of Caio | Pumsaint | Carmarthenshire | 2007 |
Kingstone Brewery | Tintern | Gwent | 2006 |
Llangollen Brewery | Llangollen | Denbighshire | 2010 |
Monty's Brewery | Montgomery | Powys | 2009 |
Mountain Hare Brewery | Pencoed | Mid Glamorgan | 2013 |
Mumbles Brewery | Swansea | Glamorgan | 2013 |
Neath Ales | Neath | West Glamorgan | 2010 |
Otley Brewing Company | Pontypridd | Mid Glamorgan | 2005 |
Pen-lon Cottage Brewery | New Quay | Ceredigion | 2004 |
Pipes | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 2008 |
Plassey Brewery | Bangor-on-Dee | Clwyd | 1985 |
Preseli Brewery | Tenby | Dyfed | 2010 |
Purple Moose Brewery | Porthmadog | Gwynedd | 2005 |
Radnorshire Ales | New Radnor | Powys | 2012 |
Rotters Brewery | Talgarth | Powys | 2010 |
Rhymney Brewery | Blaenavon | Gwent | 2005 |
Snowdonia Brewery | Waunfawr | Gwynedd | 2004 |
Swansea Brewery | Swansea | Swansea | 1996 |
Tiny Rebel Brewing Co. | Rogerstone | Newport | 2012 |
Tomos & Lilford Brewery | Llantwit Major | South Glamorgan | 2014 |
Tomos Watkin | Swansea | West Glamorgan | 1996 |
Tudor Brewery | Llanhilleth | Blaenau Gwent | 2007 |
Untapped Brewing Company | Raglan | Monmouthshire | 2009 |
Vale of Glamorgan Brewery | Barry | South Glamorgan | 2005 |
Violet Cottage Brewery | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 2012 |
Waen Brewery | Llanidloes | Powys | 2009 |
Warcop Ales | Wentlooge | Newport | 1999 |
Wild Horse Brewing | Llandudno | Clwyd | 2015 |
Wrexham Lager | Wrexham | Clwyd | 2009 |
Zerodegrees | Cardiff | South Glamorgan | 2008 |