The Bear-in-the-hole or Anagumacastle is a castle used in shogi. It is commonly used in professional shogi.
History
The Bear-in-the-hole was initially a castle used by Ranging Rook players. In modern times, it was first considered a poor choice for Ranging Rook. And, the renaissance of Ranging Rook strategies that was happening in the first part of the 20th century was in part attributed to the strength of the Mino castle. However, a Static Rook strategy – the King's Head Vanguard Pawn – became a formidable challenge to Ranging Rook positions as the Mino castle is weak against frontal attacks and the King's Head Vanguard Pawn strategy exploits these weaknesses by attacking the Mino from above. Therefore, a change from a Mino to a Bear-in-the-hole was considered since the Ranging Rook player's king is moved one rank further away from the vanguard pawn offense. The Bear-in-the-hole variant used for Static Rook positions was initially called Harada's Bear-in-the-hole named after professional player Yasuo Harada who used his own particular Bear-in-the-hole configuration. Torahiko Tanaka helped popularize the Bear-in-the-hole castle as a castle for Counter-Ranging Rook Static Rook positions among professional players. At the time, the Bear-in-the-hole was used primarily for Ranging Rook positions. The adjacent diagram shows Tanaka using Static Rook position with an Incomplete Bear-in-the-hole castle in an October 1976 professional match. His opponent Daigorō Satō is using an Ishida position. Later, Tanaka claimed to be the originator of the Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole. According to retired professional Noboru Tamaru, an amateur player who had used the Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole in the 1970s brought a lawsuit against Tanaka for Tanaka's alleged false claims. The court case was eventually dismissed. Although originally considered a primarily Ranging Rook castle, the Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole became a very tough castle for Ranging Rook players to attack. However, in the mid-1990s, the Fujii System was developed for Ranging Rook that created many problems for Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole positions leading to changes in Static Rook strategies including even abandoning the Bear-in-the-hole for other castles in some variations.
Details
This castle can be executed on either side of the board. A player utilizing the Ranging Rook strategy uses a on the right side while a player employing the Static Rook strategy builds a Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole on the left side. The end result will place the king in the corner square where the lance started, defended by two gold generals and one silver. This way, the King cannot be easily checked by a knight or a ranging piece. One suggested strategy for the Ranging Rook version of the castle is the following:
Move the rook to its Ranging Rook file.
Move the king to the rook's starting square.
Move the lance up one square, then move the king to the lance's starting square.
Move both golds to the castle for additional defense.
When building a Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole, the bishop is moved out of the way of the king, and the seventh file pawn is moved to make space for the bishop, which may be moved elsewhere later. It's also possible for a gold to be positioned at 67 instead of 78.
Bear-in-the-hole variants
Other than the Static Rook and Ranging Rook classification, Bear-in-the-hole castles can be categorized depending upon which piece cover the square at the ear of the king. When the king is positioned at the corner square, if there were only the knight and the lance with no generals, there would be a hole diagonally in front of the king – the 88 or 22 square for Ranging Rook Bear-in-the-hole and the 28 or 82 squares for Static Rook Bear-in-the-hole. This square is called the diagonal hole. The piece that covers the diagonal hole names the castle. Thus, a Silver Bear-in-the-hole has a silver positioned on this square whereas a Gold Bear-in-the-hole uses a gold for this purpose.
