The Boston and Worcester Railroad began operating through Allston in 1834. Beacon Trotting Park opened east of Cambridge Street in 1864 on land just north of the railroad. In 1890, the Boston and Albany Railroad, successor to the B&W, bought the land for use as a rail yard, named Beacon Park Yard after the trotting park. The B&A became part of the New York Central Railroad in 1900. In 1958, the Massachusetts Turnpike Authority bought the rail line east of Route 128, including the rail yard and freight sidings, from the NYC for construction of the Massachusetts Turnpike. The Turnpike was routed along the north edge of the yard, with a toll plaza and interchange to Cambridge Street and Soldiers Field Road there. A truck tunnel was built under the Turnpike at the west end of the yard to provide access from Cambridge Street, and a set of ramps provided yard access to and from the westbound Turnpike. This enabled use of the yard for transload operations, where freight was transferred from long-distance freight trains to local trucks in the yard. The NYC became part of Penn Central on February 1, 1968, which in turn became Conrail on April 1, 1976. When Conrail was broken up in 2000, freight operations on the line, including Beacon Park Yard, became part of CSX Transportation.
Closure and redevelopment plans
In the late 1990s, Harvard University began planning a major expansion southward in Lower Allston, where substantial parcels of marginal industrial and derelict land could be redeveloped for academic, research, and commercial use. In 2000, the university purchased of "Allston Landing North" - land north of Cambridge Street, and between Cambridge Street and the Turnpike - from the Turnpike Authority. In April 2003, the university purchased of "Allston Landing South" - including Beacon Park Yard, the Worcester mainline tracks, the Turnpike mainline and interchange, and CSX's engine yard - from the Turnpike Authority for $75 million despite the objections of local politicians including Boston Mayor Thomas Menino. Although both purchase agreements granted permanent easements to CSX and MassDOT, the objectors expressed concerns that wealthy Harvard would attempt to buy out CSX and disrupt freight service to Boston. In 1998, a new station in Allston-Brighton began to be considered as part of the Urban Ring planning process. In 2007, the City of Boston allocated $500,000 in funding for the Allston Multimodal Station Study. The study analyzed both commuter rail and DMU local service along the corridor, with potential stops at Faneuil, Market Street, Everett Street, Cambridge Street, West inside Beacon Park Yard, and Commonwealth Avenue. It recommended an Everett Street stop, with stations at the other locations to come later. In September 2009, MassDOT reached a major agreement with CSX and Harvard over several railroad properties in the state. The state bought the outer Framingham/Worcester Line, Track 61, the Grand Junction Railroad, and several branch lines needed for South Coast Rail from CSX. The state also partially funded a new container yard in Worcester and a transload facility in Westborough, which allowed CSX to eventually vacate Beacon Park Yard for redevelopment. The state inherited CSX's easements, requiring Harvard to petition the state before developing any property; because of this, Harvard did not include the site in its 2007 master plan. Construction of the Worcester container yard began in 2011, and CSX vacated Beacon Park Yard in February 2013. CSX demolished buildings, removed old rail cars, and completed soil and groundwater remediation to make the site usable for future development. In December 2015, Harvard University completed the purchase of an additional of CSX land north of Cambridge Street for $97.25 million. Harvard's plan is to use the land as a park and later redevelopment. In 2017 and 2018, the yard was used as a staging area for the replacement of the Commonwealth Avenue Bridge.
Allston Interchange Project
As part of the development of the yard, the state plans to reroute the Massachusetts Turnpike just south of its current alignment within the confines of the old yard, in order to make the road safer and free up 60 acres for development. All electronic toll collection will eliminate the need for the existing toll booths at the interchange, allowing a simpler layout. In September 2014, MassDOT announced that a new commuter rail station, West Station, will be constructed at the south edge of the yard. The plan includes a commuter rail layover yard for the MBTA, new streets, bicycle paths and more parkland along the Charles River. The MBTA also plans to use part of the yard as a layover facility for commuter rail trains, with storage for up to 30 train consists. As of July 2016, the project plans to file a Draft Environmental Impact Statement in 2017 and hoped to break ground in 2019. Earlier estimates suggested a 3-4 year construction time. A new proposal was announced in June 2020. Earlier ideas included putting Soldiers Field Road on a viaduct over a lowered Massachusetts Turnpike, but this was criticized due to the amount of disruption building it would cause.
