Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, commonly known as Barts, is a medical and dental school in London, England. The school is part of Queen Mary University of London, a constituent college of the federal University of London, and a member of the United Hospitals. It was formed in 1995 by the merger of the London Hospital Medical College and St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College.
The school exists on two main sites, having a presence at the site of both of the former colleges at and near their respective hospitals, St Bartholomew's Hospital, and the Royal London Hospital in Whitechapel with an additional site at Queen Mary's main campus.
As of 2018, the school had 2,235 undergraduate and 1,175 postgraduate students, for a total of 3,410 students.
History
London Hospital Medical College
The medical college at the London Hospital, now known as the Royal London Hospital, opened in 1785. It was England's first purpose-built medical school, pioneering a new kind of medical education, with an emphasis on theoretical and clinical teaching. The teaching premises were expanded in 1854, when buildings in Turner Street were built and opened, which are still in use today. For many years it functioned as an unincorporated general medical school of the University of London, until it was incorporated as the London Hospital Medical College on 30 March 1949. A dental school also opened at the London Hospital in 1911, acquiring the new dental institute and expanding student numbers during the 1960s. Dental education developed during the 1970s, increasing collaboration between dentists and other professionals.St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College
Records of students at St Bartholomew's Hospital date back to at least 1662, although a purpose-built lecture theatre at the hospital was not built until 1791, and it wasn't until that 1822 the governors formally approved the provision of medical education within the hospital. Later a residential college was established, which moved to premises at Charterhouse Square in the 1930s. The medical college was formally established in 1843, and was incorporated as St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College on 26 July 1921.Merger
Both colleges were admitted to the University of London in 1900, and a close association between the two was developed following the Royal Commission on Medical Education in 1968, with new links with the then Queen Mary College being established at the same time. In 1989 the pre-clinical teaching at the two colleges was merged and sited in the Basic Medical Sciences Building at Queen Mary. The two colleges officially merged in 1995, along with Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London, now known as Queen Mary University of London, forming the combined entity known as Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry.In 2016, the school reached an agreement with the government of Malta to open a satellite campus on the island of Gozo, with a purpose-built medical school and anatomy centre to be built on the Gozo General Hospital campus. The first students were admitted in 2017, and the buildings are due to be completed in 2019.
Campus
The school is split over a total of five campuses, with the main ones based around the location of the former medical colleges and their respective hospitals. Most medical teaching takes place at the Whitechapel campus, adjacent to the Royal London Hospital. The Blizard Building, a purpose-built building housing research facilities and a lecture theatre was completed at the Whitechapel site in 2005, and is where most lectures take place. Most dental teaching takes place at the Royal London Dental Hospital, which opened in 2014, adjacent to the main hospital site.Teaching, in particular clinical skills teaching, also takes place at the West Smithfield campus, adjacent to St Bartholomew's Hospital, and the nearby Charterhouse Square campus, which also houses student residences.
Some additional teaching, including anatomy and dissection, takes place at the main QMUL campus in Mile End.
Hospitals
Medical students undertake clinical placements in the following hospitals, the majority of which are located in the City of London and East London, with a few in neighbouring Essex:London
- Goodmayes Hospital
- Homerton University Hospital
- King George Hospital
- Mile End Hospital
- Moorfields Eye Hospital
- Newham University Hospital
- Queen's Hospital
- Royal London Hospital
- St Bartholomew's Hospital
- Whipps Cross University Hospital
Essex
- Broomfield Hospital
- Colchester Hospital
- Princess Alexandra Hospital
- Southend University Hospital
Academic profile
Teaching
A unique aspect of the Barts curriculum is the use of problem-based learning, which was first developed at McMaster University Medical School in the 1960s. Barts uses this method as part of an integrated curriculum as opposed to one that is solely or predominately based on problem based learning. Students work in groups with a tutor on a clinical case or problem, and use problem based learning to supplement the knowledge they acquire during their lectures.The standard undergraduate Medicine course is a 5-year course, which results in the award of an MBBS degree. Students also have the option of extending their studies by a further year in order to study for an intercalated BSc in a range of related subjects. This is usually done after the 2nd, 3rd or 4th year.
Students who already have a science or health-related degree and who wish to study Medicine can also choose to apply to the Graduate Entry Programme. This is a 4-year course, with the first two years of the standard undergraduate course being condensed into one. The remaining years of the course are identical to the undergraduate course.
Rankings
The medical school has scored highly in a number of independent rankings in recent years, placing it in the top 10 of medical schools in the United Kingdom:- ranked 2nd by The Guardian
- ranked 3rd by The Times and The Sunday Times
- ranked 7th by The Complete University Guide
- ranked 9th by the QS World University Rankings
- ranked 10th by the Times Higher Education
- ranked 7th by CWTS Leiden Ranking based on the percentage of publications belonging to the top 10% of their field
- ranked 3rd by The Complete University Guide
- ranked 3rd by The Guardian
- ranked 4th by The Times and The Sunday Times
Admission
The school accepts A-levels, the International Baccalaureate Diploma, Irish Leaving Certificate, Scottish Highers, Cambridge Pre-U and the European Baccalaureate as entry qualifications. Both the medical and dental degrees are open to graduate students, with a minimum of a 2:1 required. Applicants must sit the UK Clinical Aptitude Test which is used alongside the UCAS application to determine selection for interview. The school also accepts medical students from the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, the International Medical University Malaysia and St Andrews aiming to complete a 3-year direct clinical entry programme. Students applying to this scheme do not need to apply by 15 October deadline and are not required to take the UKCAT.
Research
The school serves a diverse population in East London and the wider Thames Gateway, with the differing demographics of East London in contrast to other areas of the country providing the school with a unique teaching opportunity. Consequently, many of the school's research efforts are focussed on conditions that are prevalent or endemic to the local area, for example, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, tuberculosis and other chronic lung diseases, HIV, oral disease, and cancer.The school has six research institutes:
- Barts Cancer Institute, which researches cancer and inflammation, experimental cancer medicine, haemato-oncology, cancer stem cells and ageing, molecular oncology and imaging and tumour biology. The director is Nick Lemoine.
- Blizard Institute, which focuses on surgery, paediatrics, cutaneous, diabetes, gastroenterology, haematology, infectious diseases neuroscience, pathology and health sciences.
- Institute of Dentistry, where research and teaching into adult oral health, oral growth and development, and clinical and diagnostic oral sciences occurs.
- Institute of Health Sciences Education, which is responsible for the teaching of pre-clinical medical sciences to medical students along with research in medical education and community based medical education.
- William Harvey Research Institute is a research facility focussing on biochemical pharmacology, orthopaedic diseases, endocrinology, genomics, clinical pharmacology and translational medicine and therapeutics.
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine researches preventive medicine, epidemiology, mathematics and statistics, psychology and psychiatry.
Students' association
Notable people
Notable staff
- Stephanie Amiel – Diabetologists
- William Baly
- Gustav Victor Rudolf Born
- Thomas Peel Dunhill – thyroid surgeon and Physician to the Queen of the United Kingdom
- Edward Frankland – Chemist
- Sir James Galloway – dermatologist
- Samuel Gee
- Ian Jacobs – gynaecological oncologist
- Peter Kopelman
- Irene Leigh – dermatologist
- Henry Letheby– chemist and public health officer
- Alexander George Ogston – Biochemist
- William Odling – Helped develop the periodic table
- Dame Lesley Rees – Professor and Dean of Bart's Medical College
- Joseph Rotblat – Nobel Prize winner
- Wendy Savage – Gynaecologist
- Denise Sheer – Geneticist
- R.A. Shooter – Professor of Bacteriology and Dean of Bart's Medical College 1972–1981
- Dorothy Stuart Russell – Professor of Morbid pathology
- John Robert Vane – Nobel Prize winner
Notable alumni
- George F. Abercrombie – British GP, cofounder of the Royal College of General Practitioners
- John Abernethy – Surgeon
- Robert D. Acland – Surgeon, pioneer in plastic and reconstructive microsurgery
- Joseph Adams – Surgeon and pathologist
- Christopher Addison, 1st Viscount Addison – Politician
- George Augustus Auden – Professor of public health
- John Badley – Surgeon
- Edward Bancroft – Physician and double agent in the American Revolution
- Gopal Baratham – Author and neurosurgeon
- Gilbert Barling – Former Vice-Chancellor of the University of Birmingham
- Thomas John Barnardo – Philanthropist
- Frederick Batten – Neurologist and paediatrician
- Hannah Billig – Famous wartime doctor
- William Blizard – Surgeon
- George Bodington – Pulmonary specialist
- Robert Bridges – Poet and holder of the honour of poet laureate from 1913
- Henry Edmund Gaskin Boyle – Anaesthetist
- Alfred James Broomhall – Medical missionary
- George Busk – Surgeon, zoologist and palaeontologist
- William Carr – Former director of the Royal Australian Navy's Naval Medical Services
- Graham Chapman – Comedian; one of the six members of the surreal comedy group Monty Python
- Anjem Choudary – Islamist, founder of al-Muhajiroun and Islam4UK and a solicitor, convicted of inviting support for a proscribed organisation, namely the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, under the Terrorism Act 2000
- William Job Collins – Surgeon and politician
- Albert Ruskin Cook – Medical missionary
- John Desmond Cronin – Politician and surgeon
- Tim Crow – Psychiatrist
- Thomas Blizard Curling – Surgeon
- John Langdon Down – first to describe Down syndrome, a genetic disorder named after him
- Horace Evans, 1st Baron Evans - Welsh GP, personal physician to King George VI
- Pamela Evans – GP and author
- John Fenning – British doctor and Olympic gold medallist
- John Freke – First ophthalmic surgeon
- Archibald Garrod – The physician first to appreciate the importance of biochemistry in medicine
- Richard Gordon – Screenwriter and novelist
- Martin Gore CBE - Professor of Medical Oncology
- Major Greenwood – Epidemiologist and statistician
- Sir Wilfred Grenfell, KCMG, – Medical missionary
- Gordon Hamilton-Fairley – Oncologist
- Anthony Hamilton-Smith, 3rd Baron Colwyn – Politician
- William Harvey – Described circulation
- Charles Hill, Baron Hill of Luton – Politician and former chairman of the BBC
- James Hinton – Surgeon and author
- Ebbe Hoff – Founding director of the Virginia Division of Substance Abuse
- Eric John Holborow – Physician and immunologist, known for his pioneering research on autoimmunity
- Jonathan Hutchinson – Ophthalmologist
- John Hughlings Jackson – Neurologist
- John Hunt, Baron Hunt of Fawley – British GP, co-founder of the Royal College of General Practitioners
- John Hunter – Surgeon and anatomist. The Hunterian Society is named in his honour.
- Donald McIntosh Johnson – Author and politician
- William Lawrence – Surgeon, a founder of British ophthalmology
- William Elford Leach – English zoologist and marine biologist
- John Leech – Caricaturist
- Irene Leigh – Dermatologist
- Suzy Lishman – Former President of the Royal College of Pathologists
- William John Little – Surgeon, pioneer of orthopaedic surgery
- Martyn Lloyd-Jones – Evangelical Christian religious leader
- Morell Mackenzie – Pioneer of laryngology
- Johann Malawana – Leader of BMA Junior Doctors Committee, Trade Unionist
- William Marsden – Surgeon, founder of The Royal Free and Marsden Hospitals
- Peter William Mathieson – President of the University of Hong Kong
- John Preston Maxwell – Medical missionary
- Parveen Kumar – Co-Author of world renowned medical textbook 'Kumar and Clarke's', Former president of the British Medical Association and the Royal Society of Medicine. Lectures occasionally at the Medical School.
- Robert Morrison – Medical missionary
- Richard Owen – English biologist, comparative anatomist and palaeontologist
- James Parkinson – Political activist and first to describe Parkinson's Disease
- Sir James Paget – Surgeon and founder of scientific medical pathology
- Jonathan Pereira – Pharmacologist
- Percivall Pott – English surgeon, founder of orthopaedy
- Sir Bentley Purchase – Coroner, involved in Operation Mincemeat
- Peter J. Ratcliffe – British Nobel Laureate physician-scientist
- W. H. R. Rivers – Psychiatrist, psychiatric anthropologist
- Sir Ronald Ross – first British Nobel laureate, known for his work on the transmission of malaria
- Martine Rothblatt – Entrepreneur, author, founder of United Therapeutics and Sirius Radio
- Tareq Suheimat – Jordanian physician, military general and statesman
- William Scovell Savory – Surgeon
- Jay Sean – Singer-Song Writer
- G. Spencer-Brown – Mathematician
- Frederick Howard Taylor – Medical missionary
- Herbert Hudson Taylor – Medical missionary
- Hudson Taylor – Medical missionary
- Roger Taylor – Drummer of the band Queen
- Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet – Surgeon
- Daniel Hack Tuke – Expert on mental illness
- William Turner – Anatomist and former principal of the University of Edinburgh
- John Waterlow – British physiologist
- Hugh Watkins – Cardiologist
- William James Erasmus Wilson – Surgeon
- Peter Wingfield – Actor
- Robert Winston – Gynaecologist and politician
- Arthur Wint – Olympic gold medallist
- Adeline Yen Mah – Author and physician
Fictional alumni
- Harold Legg – Doctor in the British soap opera EastEnders from 1985 to 1997, making guest appearances in 2000 and 2004.
- Dr. Watson – Sherlock Holmes's companion and "biographer": not only did the two first meet in the pathology laboratories in 1881, but Watson studied and met his friend Stamford at St. Bartholomew's Hospital in the mid/late 1870s.