The first plane to land at the air station was a de Havilland Tiger Moth on 26 March 1938, making it the country's oldest air station still operational. During World War II, RAFGloster Gladiators and Hawker Hurricanes operating from Bardufoss played a vital part in keeping the Luftwaffe at bay during the fighting on the Narvik front in the April–June 1940 Norwegian Campaign. After the allied withdrawal from Norway, the airbase was taken over by the Germans and mostly used as a base for fighters, bombers and reconnaissance planes operating against the Murmansk convoys. Fighters from Bardufoss also had the task of providing aerial support for naval operations in the area. When British Avro Lancasters began to bomb the battleship Tirpitz on 12 November 1944 in Operation Catechism at Håkøya near Tromsø, calls to Bardufoss failed to save the ship. The fighters failed to scramble in time and Tirpitz was sunk in ten minutes. Two Tallboy bombs Luftwaffe ace Heinrich Ehrler was originally stripped of command and sentenced to 3 years in prison because of this. He later died in combat when he rammed an American B-17 Flying Fortress over Germany. The 339 Squadron was moved to Bardufoss in 1964 while the 337 Squadron arrived in 1983. The Royal Norwegian Air ForceFlight Training School was moved to Bardufoss from Trondheim Airport, Værnes in 2003.
Squadrons
Two squadrons of helicopters are stationed on this airfield: 337 operating Lynx MK 86 and 339 with Bell 412SP. The 337 Squadron operates six Lynx MK 86 helicopters, which were delivered in 1983. Their purpose is to operate onboard Coast Guard ships. They will be replaced with eight new NH-90's. The 339 Squadron operates twelve Bell 412SP, primarily used as support for the Royal Norwegian Army. The Bells were delivered in between 1987 and 1990. Previous to their delivery, the squadron operated UH-1's bought used from USA: some of those machines were received with minor battle damages and bullet holes, having seen action in the Vietnam war. The Royal Norwegian Air Force's six remaining Bells are stationed at the 720 Squadron at Rygge Air Station. In addition, the Royal Norwegian Air Force Flight Training School is located here. The Flight Training School operates the Saab Safari. UK Royal Naval Commando and Royal Marine units have used Bardufoss as a training base for many years. It is also used as a base for cold weather training for Royal Air Force, British Army and Royal Navy helicopter crews. During the "cold war", training was especially concentrated during the winter with repair parties during the Norwegian summer. These operations were given the title of "Clockwork".