Avienus was a Latin writer of the 4th century AD. An inscription from Bulla Regia, a former Roman city located in modern-day Tunisia, reports his full name as "Postumius Rufius Festus who is also Avienius". He was a native of Volsinii in Etruria, from the distinguished family of the Rufii Festi. He was twice appointedconsul, if an inscription published by the 17th-century antiquariesJacob Spon and Raffaello Fabretti really refers to this Avienus. Famously asked what he did in the country, he answered Prandeo, poto, cano, ludo, lavo, caeno, quiesco: Avienus made somewhat inexact translations into Latin of Aratus' didactic poemPhaenomena. He also took a popular Greek poem in hexameters, Periegesis, briefly delimiting the habitable world from the perspective of Alexandria, written by Dionysius Periegetes in a terse and elegant style that was easy to memorize for students, and translated it into an archaising Latin as his Descriptio orbis terrae. Only Book I survives, with an unsteady grasp of actual geography and some far-fetched etymologies: see Ophiussa. He wrote Ora Maritima, a poem claimed to contain borrowings from the 6th-century BC Massiliote Periplus.
This Avienus may be identical with the Rufus Festus who wrote, ca. 369, an epitome of Roman history in the genre called breviarium. The scholar Theodor Mommsen identified that author with Rufius Festus, proconsul of Achaea in 366, and both with Rufus Festus Avienus. Others take him to be Festus of Tridentum, magister memoriae to Valens and notoriously severe proconsul of the province of Asia, where he was sent to punish those implicated in the conspiracy of Theodorus. The work itself is divided into two parts, one geographical, the other historical.
Editions
A. Berthelot: Ora maritima. Paris 1934.
J. P. Murphy: Ora maritima or Description of the seacoast. 1977.
J. Soubiran: Aviénus: Les Phénomènes d'Aratos. CUF, Paris 1981.
D. Stichtenoth: Ora maritima, lateinisch und deutsch. Darmstadt 1968.
P. van de Woestijne: Descriptio orbis terrae. Brugge 1961.
;Commentaries, monographs and articles
F. Bellandi, E. Berti und M. Ciappi: "Iustissima Virgo": Il mito della Vergine in Germanico e in Avieno, Pisa 2001
Concordantia in Rufium Festum Avienum. Curavit Manfred WACHT. G. Olms Verlag 1995
M. Fiedler: Kommentar zu V. 367-746 von Aviens Neugestaltung der Phainomena Arats. Stuttgart Saur 2004
C. Ihlemann: De Avieni in vertendis Arateis arte et ratione. Diss. Göttingen 1909
H. Kühne: De arte grammatica Rufi Festi Avieni. Essen 1905
K. Smolak: Postumius Rufius Festus Avienus. In: Handbuch der lateinischen Literatur der Antike, hrsg. von R. Herzog und P. L. Schmidt, Fünfter Band. Restauration und Erneuerung. Die lateinische Literatur von 284 bis 374 n. Chr., München 1989, S. 320-327
D. Weber: Aviens Phaenomena, eine Arat-Bearbeitung aus der lateinischen Spätanike. Untersuchungen zu ausgewählten Partien. Dissertationen der Universität Wien 173, Wien 1986
L. Willms Übersetzung, philologischer Kommentar und vergleichende Interpretation des Tierkreises in Aviens Phaenomena AKAN-Einzelschriften – Antike Naturwissenschaften und ihre Rezeption, vol. 8. Trier WVT 2014
P. van de Woestijne: De vroegste uitgaven van Avienus' Descriptio orbis terrae . 1959
H. Zehnacker: D'Aratos à Aviénus: Astronomie et idéologie''. Illinois Classical Studies 44, S. 317-329