Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics
An Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was a type of administrative unit in the Soviet Union created for certain nations. The ASSRs had a status lower than the constituent union republics of the USSR, but higher than the autonomous oblasts and the autonomous okrugs.
In the Russian SFSR, for example, Chairmen of the Government of the ASSRs were officially members of the Government of the RSFSR. Unlike the union republics, the autonomous republics only had the right to disaffiliate themselves from the Union when the union republic containing them did so, as well as to choose to stay with the Union separately from them. The level of political, administrative and cultural autonomy they enjoyed varied with time—it was most substantial in the 1920s, the 1950s after the death of Joseph Stalin, and in the Brezhnev Era.Azerbaijan SSR
The 1978 Constitution of the RSFSR recognized sixteen autonomous republics within the RSFSR. Their status as of October 2007 within the Russian Federation is given in parentheses:
- Bashkir ASSR
- Buryat ASSR
- Checheno-Ingush ASSR
- Chuvash ASSR
- Dagestan ASSR
- Kabardino-Balkarian ASSR
- Kalmyk ASSR
- Karelian ASSR
- Komi ASSR
- Mari ASSR
- Mordovian ASSR
- North Ossetian ASSR
- Tatar ASSR
- Tuvan ASSR
- Udmurt ASSR
- Yakut ASSR
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast, Adyghe Autonomous Oblast, Karachay–Cherkess Autonomous Oblast and Khakassian Autonomous Oblast were all promoted in status to that of an ASSR in 1991, in the last year of the Soviet Union. Only the Jewish Autonomous Oblast retained its autonomous oblast status in Russia.
Other autonomous republics also existed within RSFSR at earlier points of the Soviet history:
- Crimean ASSR
- Kazak ASSR
- Kirghiz ASSR
- Kirghiz ASSR
- Mountain ASSR
- Turkestan ASSR
- Volga German ASSR
Ukrainian SSR
- Moldavian ASSR. In 1940, it was made into the Moldavian SSR.
- Crimean ASSR. Crimea Oblast was promoted to the ASSR status following a referendum held on January 20, 1991
Uzbek SSR
- Karakalpak ASSR, now Karakalpakstan
- Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic