Aufruf der Kulturschaffenden
The Aufruf der Kulturschaffenden was a declaration by German artists of their loyalty to Adolf Hitler. The Aufruf was printed in the Völkischer Beobachter, the Nazi party newspaper, on 18 August 1934, the day before a plebiscite to confirm the merger of the offices of President, and Chancellor, in the person of Adolf Hitler.
Hitler was appointed as Chancellor of Germany following a general election in January 1933. After the Reichstag fire on 27 February 1933, and elections that returned Hitler to power on 5 March, Hitler moved rapidly to consolidate his power with the passing of the Enabling Act on 23 March 1933, which allowed Hitler bypass the German legislature and pass laws at will. After the death of President Paul von Hindenburg on 2 August, a referendum was passed on 19 August, with 88.1% voting to confirm the merger of the post of President with that of Chancellor, and Hitler became Führer und Reichskanzler.
The declaration states confidence in the leadership of Adolf Hitler, faith in and loyalty to him, and hope for the future. The statement followed similar public statements by others such as writers and poets and university professors.
Among the artists to sign the Aufruf were:
- Ernst Barlach, sculptor, writer and artist
- Emil Fahrenkamp, architect
- Wilhelm Furtwängler, conductor and composer
- Gustav Havemann, violinist
- Erich Heckel, painter and graphic artist
- Hanns Johst, writer
- Georg Kolbe, sculptor
- Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer, writer
- Agnes Miegel, writer, journalist and poet
- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, architect
- Emil Nolde, painter
- Hans Pfitzner, composer
- Richard Strauss, composer
- Josef Thorak, sculptor
Some works of several of the artists to sign the Aufruf were later condemned as degenerate art.
