Astrapotheriidae


Astrapotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous South American land mammals that lived from the Late Eocene to the Middle Miocene . The most derived of the astrapotherians, they were also the largest and most specialized mammals in the Tertiary of South America. There are two sister taxa: Eoastrapostylopidae and Trigonostylopidae.
Around 1900, Argentine paleontologist Florentino Ameghino described eight Colhuehuapian species from specimens he found south of Lake Colhué Huapi in Patagonia and grouped them into three genera: Parastrapotherium, Astrapotherium, and Astrapothericulus. It was obvious to Ameghino that these species represented a great diversity, ranging in size from a peccary to a rhinoceros, but his description was based entirely on fragmentary and not always comparable dental remains. Other expeditions to Patagonia have subsequently recovered considerably more complete materials.

Genera

According to, Astrapotheriidae includes two clades, Astrapotheriinae and Uruguaytheriinae, and a number of early genera : Astraponotus, Maddenia, and Parastrapotherium. Most genera have been found in Patagonia and adjacent areas in Argentina and Chile; whereas members of Uruguaytheriinae have been found further north: Xenastrapotherium, Granastrapotherium, Uruguaytherium. According to, the genus Maddenia is a small, pre-Deseadan form of later astrapotheriids. grouped Albertogaudrya together with Astraponotus in the subfamily Albertogaudryinae, synonymous with Albertogaudryidae. concluded that a comprehensive evaluation is required regarding astrapotherids.