Arturo Barea Ogazón was a Spanish journalist, broadcaster and writer. After the Spanish Civil War, Barea lived in exile in the United Kingdom until his death.
Biography
Barea was born in Badajoz, of humble origins. His father died when he was four months old, so his mother, with four young children to support, worked as a laundress, washing clothes in the River Manzanares, while the family lived in a garret in the poorLavapiés district of Madrid. Barea was semi-adopted by his aunt and uncle who were prosperous enough to send him to school. This resulted in his first experience of the class divisions that riddled Spanish society, when his own sister accused him of "acting the gentleman" while she worked as a servant. He left school aged 13 and got a job at a bank as an office boy and copyist, though did not become a fully paid employee for another year. He later quit after being fined for breaking a glass-plate desk cover. Barea served his compulsory military service in Ceuta and Morocco, rising to the rank of sergeant in an Engineers regiment of the Spanish Army and seeing action in the Rif War. He began writing and published some poems. He then worked in an office registering patents, and in 1924, he married for the first time. He was a member of the Socialist UGT and helped found the Clerical Workers Union at the start of the Second Spanish Republic in 1931. On the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in mid-1936 he organized a volunteer militia unit La Pluma of office workers fighting under the UGT. Later, thanks to his knowledge of English and French, he worked as a censor at the Foreign Ministry's Press Office where he came to know Ernest Hemingway and many other foreign journalists covering the conflict. John Dos Passos, in a 1938 article published in Esquire, referred to Barea as "underslept and underfed". During the Siege of Madrid he joined the Radio Service broadcasting to Latin America, where he became known as An Unknown Voice of Madrid, every night telling stories about daily life in the besieged city. He also met the Austrian journalist Ilse Kulcsar, whom he would marry in 1938. As defeat for the Spanish Government loomed, this, allied to difficulties with the Communist party, and a breakdown in his health, meant that he and his wife had to leave Spain. They went into exile to France in the middle of 1938, and then to England in 1939. From then until his death, Barea worked for the BBC's World Service Spanish section, while contributing articles and reviews to various literary publications, as well as writing books. Barea spent the last ten years of his life living at Middle Lodge in Eaton Hastings, a house rented from Gavin Henderson, 2nd Baron Faringdon, of nearby Buscot Park. Shortly after his death on 24 December 1957, Barea's ashes were scattered in his garden at Middle Lodge, and a memorial to Barea and his wife was erected behind her parents' grave in the churchyard annexe of All Saints Church, Faringdon, Oxfordshire. Barea has three Spanish streets named in his honour, in Badajoz, Mérida and Novés; and a square - Plaza de Arturo Barea - in Madrid. He is a central figure in Amanda Vaill's non-fiction bookHotel Florida, published in 2014. He died in his wife Ilse’s arms from a heart attack.
His best-known work is his autobiography La Forja de un Rebelde, published in three volumes:
La Forja provides a detailed and evocative account of his childhood and adolescence growing up in Madrid between 1905 and 1914.
La Ruta recounts his military experiences in Morocco during the Rif War from 1920 to 1925. In his foreword to this volume Barea notes that what he witnessed in that war "was the embryonic stage in the development of military fascism in Spain, more particularly the beginnings of General Franco's political career".
La Llama narrates his experience of the Civil War and exile between 1935 and 1940. "The book starts off in a Castilian village and ends up in Paris, but its essential subject is the siege of Madrid."—George Orwell.
The books were translated into English by Ilse Barea and first published between 1941 and 1946. Orwell, in his review of the trilogy said: "An excellent book … Señor Barea is one of the most valuable of the literary acquisitions that England has made as a result of Fascist persecution”. The first Spanish language edition was published in Argentina in 1951, and not published in Spain until 1978. La Forja de un Rebelde was dramatised on TVE in 1990, directed and with screenplay by Mario Camus. Gabriel García Márquez considered it one of the "ten best books written in Spain following the Spanish Civil War.", and "One of the best novels written in Spanish".
