Arms, titles, honours and styles of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington was an Anglo-Irish soldier and :wikt:statesman|statesman and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century. His military career culminated at the Battle of Waterloo, where, along with Blücher, he defeated the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte. He was also twice Tory Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. During his life, Wellington received numerous honours, titles and awards throughout his career as a statesman and soldier. These include awards, statues and monuments, as well as buildings and places named after him.
Funeral
At his funeral Wellesley's style was proclaimed :Arms
Wellington's arms were given an Augmentation of Honour of the union badge of the United Kingdom to commemorate his services. He bore, Quarterly, I and IV gules, a cross argent, in each quarter five plates of the same; II and III, Or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure. For augmentation, an inescutcheon charged with the crosses of St. George, St. Andrew, and St. Patrick combined, being the union badge of the United Kingdom.Titles, honours and styles
Peerage of the United Kingdom
- Baron Douro of Wellesley in the County of Somerset – 26 August 1809
- Viscount Wellington of Talavera, and of Wellington in the County of Somerset – 26 August 1809
- Earl of Wellington – 28 February 1812
- Marquess of Wellington – 18 August 1812
- Marquess Douro – 3 May 1814
- Duke of Wellington – 3 May 1814
Since he did not return to England until the Peninsular War was over, he was awarded all his patents of nobility in a single day.
British and Irish honours
- Knight of the Bath – 1804
- Privy Counsellor of Ireland – 28 April 1807
- Peninsular Cross with nine Medal bars for all campaigns, the only one so issued - 1810
- Privy Counsellor of the United Kingdom – 1812
- Knight of the Garter – 4 March 1813
- Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards – 1813-27
- Knight Grand Cross of the Bath – 2 January 1815
- Waterloo Medal – 1816
- Governor of Plymouth – 1819-26
- Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire – 1820
- Colonel-in-Chief of the Rifle Brigade – 1820
- Lord High Constable of England – 1821, 1831, 1838
- Constable of the Tower – 1826
- Colonel of the Grenadier Guards – 1827
- Governor of Charterhouse School – 1828
- Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports – 1829
- Chancellor of the University of Oxford – 1834–52
- Master of Trinity House – 1837
- Honorary Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers – 1842
- Fellow of the Royal Society – 1847
- Ranger of Hyde Park – 1847
- Ranger of St James's Park – 1850
International
Noble titles
- Portugal:
- *Count of Vimeira – 18 October 1811
- *Marquess of Torres Vedras – August 1812
- *Duke of Victoria – 18 December 1812
- Spain: Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo, Grandee of the 1st Class – January 1812
- : Prince of Waterloo – 18 July 1815
- : Prince of Waterloo – 1831
Honours
- Portugal: Knight Grand Cross of the Tower and Sword – 18 October 1811
- Spain:
- *Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Ferdinand – 11 April 1812
- *Knight of the Golden Fleece – 7 August 1812
- *Knight of the Order of Charles III – 1814
- *Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of St. Hermenegild – 1817
- Sweden: Knight Grand Cross of the Sword, 1st Class – 26 February 1814
- : Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa – 4 March 1814
- :
- *Knight of St. George, 1st Class – 28 April 1814
- *Knight of St. Andrew – 8 July 1815
- *Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky – 8 July 1815
- *Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class – 8 July 1815
- Prussia:
- *Knight of the Black Eagle – 26 June 1815
- *Knight Grand Cross of the Red Eagle
- : Knight of the Elephant – 4 July 1815
- Sardinia: Knight of the Annunciation, with Collar – 7 July 1815
- : Knight Grand Cross of the Military William Order – 18 July 1815
- : Knight of the Rue Crown – 27 July 1815
- :
- *Knight of the House Order of Fidelity – July 1815
- *Knight Grand Cross of the Zähringer Lion
- Bavaria: Knight Grand Cross of the Military Order of Max Joseph – 1815
- France: Knight of the Holy Spirit – 27 November 1815
- Hesse-Kassel: Knight Grand Cross of the Golden Lion – 11 December 1815
- : Knight Grand Cross of the Military Merit Order – 1815
- Hanover: Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order – March 1816
- :
- *Knight of St. Januarius – 16 July 1817
- *Knight Grand Cross of St. Ferdinand and Merit – 16 July 1817
Military rank
- Marshal-General of the Portuguese Army – 6 July 1809
- Captain-General of the Spanish Army – August 1809
- Field Marshal of the Hanoverian Army – 21 June 1813
- Field Marshal of the Army of the Netherlands – 1815
- Field Marshal of the Austrian Army – 15 November 1818
- Field Marshal of the Prussian Army – 15 November 1818
- Field Marshal of the Russian Army – 15 November 1818
Styles
; In the United Kingdom- The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Ensign The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Lt The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Capt The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Maj The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Lt-Col The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Col The Hon Arthur Wesley
- Col The Hon Arthur Wellesley
- Maj-Gen The Hon Arthur Wellesley
- Maj-Gen The Hon Sir Arthur Wellesley KB
- Maj-Gen The Rt Hon Sir Arthur Wellesley KB
- Lt-Gen The Rt Hon Sir Arthur Wellesley KB
- Lt-Gen The Rt Hon The Viscount Wellington KB
- Gen The Rt Hon The Viscount Wellington KB
- Gen The Rt Hon The Earl of Wellington KB
- Gen The Most Hon The Marquess of Wellington KB
- Gen The Most Hon The Marquess of Wellington KG
- FM The Most Hon The Marquess of Wellington KG
- FM His Grace The Duke of Wellington KG
- FM His Grace The Duke of Wellington KG GCB
- FM His Grace The Duke of Wellington KG GCB GCH
- FM His Grace The Duke of Wellington KG GCB GCH FRS
; In Spain
- Excelentísimo señor Arthur Wesley, duque de Ciudad Rodrigo, Grande de España, Caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro.
- Sua Excelência o Duque da Vitória
Military promotions and dates of rank
; Commissions purchased
- Gazetted an Ensign – 7 March 1787
- Lieutenant – 25 December 1787
- Captain – 30 June 1791
- Major – 30 April 1793
- Lieutenant-Colonel – 30 September 1793
- Colonel – 3 May 1796
- * Local Brigadier-General in Egypt
- Major-General – 29 April 1802
- Lieutenant-General – 25 April 1808
- * Local brevet General, in Spain and Portugal only – 6 August 1811
- Field Marshal – 21 June 1813
Tributes
Statues, monuments and places
; Great Britain- A statue of Wellington by the sculptor Carlo Marochetti stands in Woodhouse Moor park in Leeds, England. His boots have been painted red, presumably by local students.
- Royal Exchange Square, Queen Street in Glasgow, Scotland, has a statue of Wellington astride a horse, outside the Gallery of Modern Art. The statue does not feature the bicorne cocked hat associated with him - it is often "defaced" by the placing of a traffic cone on Wellington's head.
- In 1838 a proposal to build a statue of Wellington resulted in the building of a giant statue of him on his horse Copenhagen, placed above the Wellington Arch at Constitution Hill in London directly outside Apsley House, his former London home. Completed in 1846, the enormous scale of the 40 ton, high monument resulted in its removal in 1883, and the following year it was transported to Aldershot where it still stands near the Royal Garrison Church.
- Wellington College, Berkshire, a senior boarding- and day-school in England, was built in memory of the Duke, under the orders of Queen Victoria. To this day, all the boarding houses are named after the generals who fought alongside him at Battle of Waterloo, including Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Viscount Beresford, Sir Thomas Picton, Baron Lynedoch, and The Prince of Orange. The Queen laid the foundation stone in 1856 and inaugurated the School's opening on 29 January 1859. On 4 May 2007, the school held a memorial service for the Iron Duke at St Paul's Cathedral, London, to commemorate his birthday.
- A monument in St Paul's Cathedral, London where he is buried.
- Wellington Arch on Hyde Park Corner, London.
- Royal Exchange, London; this equestrian statue has "Erected June 16, 1844" inscribed into its plinth.
- A statue in the Great Hall of the Guildhall, London.
- Wellington Monument, London, at Hyde Park Corner, a colossal statue of Achilles by Richard Westmacott.
- Wellington Monument, in the Blackdown Hills, near Wellington, Somerset.
- Wellington Monument, Woodhall Spa, Lincolnshire.
- Wellington Monument, Baslow, Derbyshire.
- Wellington Statue, East End of Princes Street, Edinburgh.
- Wellington's Column in Liverpool.
- Duke of Wellington Commemorative Column, outside Stratfield Saye House, the Duke's Hampshire residence.
- Wellington College, in Crowthorne, Berkshire, the UK national monument to Wellington.
- A statue in Piccadilly Gardens, Manchester.
; Ireland
- The Wellington Testimonial was erected in the Phoenix Park, Dublin, from public subscriptions; it is the tallest stone obelisk in Europe.
- A monument in his birthplace in Trim, County Meath, Ireland.
- Wellington Road in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin.
- Wellington Road on the North side of Cork city.
- Wellington College Belfast in Northern Ireland, a Co-Educational Grammar School in Belfast, was named after Wellington. Wellington is also a Senior Boys' house at the Duke of York's Royal Military School, where, like Welbeck College, all houses are named after prominent military figures.
- Wellington Park in central Belfast. Running parallel to this street is Wellesley Avenue.
- Mount Wellington, which overlooks Hobart, the capital of the state of Tasmania, Australia, is named after Wellesley. Additionally, Hobart also has Salamanca Place, a row of convict built warehouses which dominate the wharf area of the city, named after the Battle of Salamanca which took place in July 1812. Behind Salamanca Place, which is now an arts, restaurant hub, plus the home of the Salamanca Market, is the riverside suburb of Battery Point. A walk through the area will see streets and crescents named after Napoleon, Waterloo and Arthur's Circus where colonial cottages front a small roundabout. And to add to the links, on Macquarie St sits the Duke of Wellington Hotel with imposing signage of the Iron Duke himself gazing down on all who pass beneath.
- Wellington Square in the Adelaide suburb of North Adelaide, South Australia, named for Wellington because he is credited with securing the passage of the South Australia Foundation Act through the British House of Lords.
- The former County of Douro in Victoria, Gipps District, was named in Wellington's honour and was bordered to the west by the County of Mornington. The former County of Douro was found on Victorian maps from 1845 and last appeared on a Victorian map in 1864. Further references to Wellington can be found locally in the naming of Waterloo Bay and Cape Wellington and Lake Wellington. The county was incorporated into the new County of Buln Buln in 1871. The County of Mornington proclaimed in 1849, is incidentally named after the title of Garret Wesley, 1st Earl of Mornington, Arthur Wellesley's father.
- The capital city of New Zealand, Wellington, forms part of the Wellington Region, formerly part of Wellington Province. Greater Wellington has a private primary school named Wellesley College, and the central city had a private club, the Wellesley Club now merged with the senior Wellington Club founded December 1841 and New Zealand's oldest private club.
- The city of Auckland has a central-city road named Wellesley Street. A volcanic cone and its associated suburb in the city bear the name Mount Wellington.
- Wellington County, Ontario, the county surrounding the city of Guelph.
- The village of Wellington, a community located in Prince Edward County, Ontario.
- The town of Wellington on Vancouver Island, now a neighbourhood of Nanaimo, British Columbia, as well as Mount Wellington which is located about north of the town.
- Wellington Street in Ottawa, the street upon which the Parliament Buildings, Canada's seat of government are located.
- Both Wellington Street and Wellesley Street are principal downtown streets in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Wellesley subway station takes its name from the street.
- Wellington railway station in Nanaimo, British Columbia
- Wellington Dyke, a large agricultural dyke across the Canard River in Kings County, Nova Scotia
- Wellington Gate and Wellington Barracks at CFB Halifax
- The town of Wellington in the Nilgiri Hills district of Tamil Nadu, is the home of the Wellington Cantonment, a prestigious Indian military establishment, and college. It is near Coonoor on the Nilgiri Mountain Railway.
Military units
Ships
, a 131 gun first-rate ship of the line was named after the first Duke of Wellington. HMS Iron Duke, named after Wellington, was the flagship of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe at the Battle of Jutland in World War I, one of three so named in the Royal Navy.Aircraft
Wellington is the only person to have the honour of having not one but two Royal Air Force bombers named for him - the Vickers Wellesley and the Vickers Wellington, and at a time when the convention was for British bombers to be named after landlocked cities.Locomotives
s "Iron Duke" Class locomotives were named after Wellington, including one of the 1847 originals which was named "Iron Duke" and lent its name to the class. It was withdrawn in 1871, and a replica built in 1985 for the National Railway Museum to exhibit.Banknotes
The Duke of Wellington's picture featured on the reverse of Series D £5 banknotes issued by the Bank of England, along with a scene from the Battle of Waterloo.Food and drink
gets its name from the general and prime minister. Ironically, his favourite meat was mutton.Wellington's likeness appears on the beer labels of the beer brewed by Wellington Brewery in Guelph, Ontario, and the beer "Iron Duke Strong Ale" was named in his honour.
Clothing
s are a type of high, originally leather, boots.The Wellington hat was a style of beaver-fur hat.
Freedom of the City
;British Empire- 1815: London
- 1819: Plymouth
- 1827: York