Anne Rossignol, was a famous signare businesswoman and slave trader. Born on Gorée, she emigrated to Saint-Domingue in 1775, where she became one of the three richest free coloured businesswomen in the colony, alongside Zabeau Bellanton in Cap-Francais and Jeanne-Genevieve Deslandes in Port-au-Prince. She emigrated to Charleston, South Carolina during the Haitian Revolution, and has been called the first free African to have emigrated voluntarily and freely to USA.
Life
Anne Rossignol was born as the daughter of the Frenchman Claude Rossignol and the African signare Madeleine-Francoise of Gorée. She accompanied her father and his legal French wife to France as a child in 1736. In the documents, she was referred to as her father's natural mulatto daughter.
Gorée
She returned from France to Gorée on an unknown date. By birth she belonged to the privileged Afro-France signare community of Gorée: her sister Marie-Therese became the sister-in-law of the French Governor of Gorée Jean-Baptiste Estouphan by her marriage to Blaise Estouphan de Saint-Jean in 1749. Anne Rossignol was noted to be living in Gorée in the 1750s, where she had a son and a daughter, Armand and Marie-Adelaide, with the Frenchman Aubert, an official of the Compagnie des Indes. As other signare's, she would have participated in the slave trade.
Saint-Domingue
In 1775, Rossignol emigrated with her children from French Gorée to Cap-Francais in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. On Saint-Domingue, she became a successful businesswoman in slave trade and investments in real estate. She owned a number of buildings in Le Cap, some of them luxurious and located in parts of town normally inhabited mainly by white people, and resided in a palatial building. She also owned a number of personal slaves aside from the slaves she traded in. Her living standard rivaled some of the richest white people of the colony. In 1786, her daughter married the white surgeon Guillaume Dumont, and was given a dowry larger than what was given to many of the richest white planters of the colony. She is noted as one of the three richest coloured women in the colony, alongside Zabeau Bellanton of Cap-Francais and Jeanne-Genevieve Deslandes of Port-au-Prince.
During the Haitian revolution, Anne Rossignol fled to Charleston, South Carolina in the United States with her daughter and her white son-in-law. She is referred to as the perhaps first African to have freely emigrated to the United States. In Charleston, she established herself as a slave owner and planter and died as a very rich woman. Her life story is considered uncommon among the Free people of color, particularly in the United States.
