Androgen deficiency


Androgen deficiency is a medical condition characterized by not enough androgenic activity in the body.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of the condition in males consist of loss of libido, impotence, infertility, shrinkage of the testicles, penis, and prostate, diminished masculinization, low muscle mass, anxiety, depression, fatigue, vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, headaches, and osteoporosis. In addition, symptoms of hyperestrogenism, such as gynecomastia and feminization, may be concurrently present in males.
In females, hypoandrogenism consist of loss of libido, decreased body hair growth, depression, fatigue, vaginal vasocongestion, vasomotor symptoms, insomnia, headaches, osteoporosis and reduced muscle mass. Symptoms of hypoestrogenism may be present in both sexes in cases of severe androgen deficiency.

Causes

Hypoandrogenism is caused primarily by either dysfunction, failure, or absence of the gonads or impairment of the hypothalamus or pituitary gland, which in turn can be caused by a multitude of different stimuli, including genetic conditions, tumors, trauma, surgery, autoimmunity, radiation, infections, toxins, drugs, and many others. Alternatively, it may be the result of conditions such as androgen insensitivity syndrome or hyperestrogenism. More simply, old age may also be a factor in the development of hypoandrogenism, as androgen levels decline with age.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of androgenic deficiency in males should be based on symptoms together with at least two measurements of testosterone done first thing in the morning after a period of not eating. In those without symptoms testing is not generally recommended.
Androgen deficiency is not usually a checked for diagnosis in healthy women.

Treatment

Treatment may consist of hormone replacement therapy with androgens in those with symptoms. Treatment mostly just improves sexual function in males.
Alternatively, gonadotropin-releasing hormone /GnRH agonists or gonadotropins may be given. The Food and Drug Administration stated in 2015 that neither the benefits nor the safety of testosterone have been established for low testosterone levels due to aging. The FDA has required that testosterone pharmaceutical labels include warning information about the possibility of an increased risk of heart attacks and stroke.