Starting in 1979, he was leading excavations in the territory of the North Caucasus and Transcaucasia. Over 30 years he has thoroughly excavated the Klady kurgan burial complex near Novosvobodnaya in Adygea. Rezepkin contributed significantly to the study of settlements and burials of the early Bronze Age in the North Caucasus. In 1989 Rezepkin defended his Ph.D. thesis "Northwest Caucasus in the Early Bronze Age ". He also confirmed the existence of megaliths in the southern Urals. He also contributed to the study and discussion of the origin of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. Rezepkin sees Novosvobodnaya culture as independent from Maikop culture. For the first time, Rezepkin linked the finds from Novosvobodnaya with the artifacts of the Funnelbeaker culture from the ancient Germany and Denmark, rather than with the Globular Amphora culture, as was thought previously. He sees the Funnelbeakers as prior to the Globular Amphora culture, and dates Novosvobodnaya culture to 3600-3000 BC. According to Rezepkin, the difference between Novosvobodnaya and Maykop is that Novosvobodnaya, in the early stages of its development, had clearly Western roots, and Maykop Near Eastern ones. According to Rezepkin, in Novosvobodnaya culture we see the real meeting of East and West. However, some other archaeologists insist on a wider Maykop-Novosvobodnaya cultural unity, while both cultures did feature various local variants.
Genetic research
Together with the geneticist A.V. Nedoluzhko, he conducted Russia's first complete sequencing of the DNA of ancient mitochondrial genome. This DNA sample was isolated from the mitochondria of skeletal remains from the burial ground Klady. MtDNA haplogroup V has been reported in Neolithic remains of the Linear Pottery culture at Halberstadt, Germany c. 5000 BC and Derenburg Meerenstieg, Germany c. 4910 BC. Haplogroup V7 was found in representative of Novosvobodnaya culture. However, these are clearly due to the Neolithic expansion and nothing else.
The origin of the Indo-Europeans
According to Rezepkin, Central Europe must have been the homeland of the Indo-Europeans. Accordingly, Indo-Europeans were behind the successive Linear Pottery culture, the Funnelbeaker culture, the Globular Amphora culture, and the Corded Ware culture. In favor of this view is the apparent lack of any abrupt change in European populations since the Neolithic, and until the first written sources appear. Rezepkin sees the emergence of Novosvobodnaya culture as the result of a migration from Europe. Their 'Megalitism', their black-polished ceramic amphorae, bowls and cups, find a compelling analogy in the Funnelbeaker culture of Germany.
Recent discoveries
Several important discoveries were made by Rezepkin in the course of his excavations. Among them what seems as the oldest sword in the world.
The oldest sword
This ancient bronze sword dates to around 3400 BC. It was found in a stone tomb near Novosvobodnaya, and is now on display in the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. It was discovered in Kurgan 31, tomb 5 at the burial site Klady, which is attributed to the Maikop culture. This burial belongs to local Phase 3 at Klady, corresponding to the last Phase 4 of the Maikop culture. It has a total length of 63 cm and a hilt length of 11 cm. The radiocarbon dates for Phase 3 at Klady are 3500-3342, and 3500-3128. Previously, the oldest swords were reported from Arslantepe, and they are dated soon after the Klady sword, or about a century later.
