The Confederates is the 33rd chapter of the Quran with 73 verses. The sūrah takes its name from the mention of the parties, or confederates, who fought the Muslims at the Battle of the Trench, also known as the Battle of the Parties and as the Siege of Madinah.
Exegesis
This surah mentions what happened at the Battle of the Trench to remind believers the mercy and power of Allah since Allah made the various tribes who attacked Medina leave. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation, Q33 is a later period "Medinan surah". It contains instructions regarding treatment of the Prophet and his wives and warns the hypocrites of their bad behavior. According to some scholars, Medinan verses are concerned with the legal matters in Islamic society. These suras generally contain rules and regulations for the believers to follow.
Q33:5-6 differences between adopted and blood-related persons
Verses are concerned with the differences between adopted and blood-related persons. Verse 33:5 refers to adoption in Islam and verse 33:6 contains a reference to the term "Mother of Believers", who were the Prophet's wives. This perhaps suggests their elevated standing with the community and in the later verses, these women are described as "unlike any other."
Q33:7-8 God will test the sincerity of the prophets
Verses show that God will test even the sincerity of the prophets. The beginning of the sura seems to be concerned with truthfulness. The sura reinforces that "God is enough to trust...All this is written in the Scripture...God will question the truthful about their sincerity, and for those who reject the truth He has prepared a painful torment...speak in a direct fashion." Truthfulness and trust seem to be emphasized for believers and Muhammad since he was dealing with hypocrites and betrayers in Medina, who spread lies, deserted the army during the battle, or supported the attackers.
Q33:9-27 reactions to the Battle of the Trench.
Verses are concerned with the believers and hypocrites' reactions to the Battle of the Trench. The believers are those who remain steadfast in their belief and courage whereas the hypocrites try to run for safety, abandon the Muslim army, and doubt God and Prophet Muhammad.
Verse 33:21
"Surely, in the Messenger of God there is for you a fairer, good example for those whose hope had been in God and the Last Day and remembered God frequently." shows is an important principle to follow the Messenger of God in all his words and deeds,
contain a reference to Muhammad's wives and tell the believers the proper conduct with Muhammad and his household. The prophet's wives are called the Mothers of the Believers and thus have to follow certain rules and regulations as women who are "unlike other women." As such, some scholars have suggested that these rules apply exclusively to only Prophet's wives.
Verse 33:33
According to Shiʻi interpretation, contains a reference to Ahl al-Bayt: the Event of the Ahl al-Kisa) and Verse of Purification.
Q33:35-36 forgiveness and reward
show the characteristics of people who will be forgiven and rewarded by God. Some scholars take these verses to mean equal worth of women and men and thus reject claims that women are inferior to men.
Q33:37-47 God needs to be trusted, obeyed, and glorified
reaffirm that God needs to be trusted, obeyed, and glorified. contains a reference to Finality of Prophethood.
uses the phrase adna al-jilbab which is sometimes understood as 'wrap around' and is used to acknowledge women to cover themselves, as an act of modesty..
Q33:60-73 punishment for hypocrites and idolaters
tell the actions that God will take with the disbelievers and believers and will direct Muhammad to take against the hypocrites. The last verse ends with the proclamation that God will punish both hypocrites and idolaters, whether they are men and women, and reward the believers of both genders. Both genders are presented as equal since they are both punished or redeemed without any differences when judged by God.
