Advanced Power Management
Advanced power management is an API developed by Intel and Microsoft and released in 1992 which enables an operating system running an IBM-compatible personal computer to work with the BIOS to achieve power management.
Revision 1.2 was the last version of the APM specification, released in 1996. ACPI is intended as the successor to APM. Microsoft dropped support for APM in Windows Vista. The Linux kernel still mostly supports APM, though support for APM CPU idle was dropped in version 3.0.
Overview
APM uses a layered approach to manage devices. APM-aware applications talk to an OS-specific APM driver. This driver communicates to the APM-aware BIOS, which controls the hardware. There is the ability to opt out of APM control on a device-by-device basis, which can be used if a driver wants to communicate directly with a hardware device.Communication occurs both ways; power management events are sent from the BIOS to the APM driver, and the APM driver sends information and requests to the BIOS via function calls. In this way the APM driver is an intermediary between the BIOS and the operating system.
Power management happens in two ways; through the above-mentioned function calls from the APM driver to the BIOS requesting power state changes, and automatically based on device activity.
Power management events
There are 12 power events, plus OEM-defined events, that can be sent from the APM BIOS to the operating system. The APM driver regularly polls for event change notifications.Power Management Events:
| Name | Code | Comment |
| System Standby Request Notification | 0x0001 | |
| System Suspend Request Notification | 0x0002 | |
| Normal Resume System Notification | 0x0003 | |
| Critical Resume System Notification | 0x0004 | |
| Battery Low Notification | 0x0005 | |
| Power Status Change Notification | 0x0006 | |
| Update Time Notification | 0x0007 | |
| Critical System Suspend Notification | 0x0008 | |
| User System Standby Request Notification | 0x0009 | |
| User System Suspend Request Notification | 0x000A | |
| System Standby Resume Notification | 0x000B | |
| Capabilities Change Notification | 0x000C | Due to setup or device insertion/removal |
Power management functions:
| Name | Code | Comment |
| APM Installation Check | 0x00 | |
| APM Real Mode Interface Connect | 0x01 | |
| APM Protected Mode 16-bit Interface Connect | 0x02 | Avoids real or virtual86 mode. |
| APM Protected Mode 32-bit Interface Connect | 0x03 | Avoids real or virtual86 mode. |
| APM Interface Disconnect | 0x04 | |
| CPU Idle | 0x05 | Requests system suspend. 0) Clock halted until timer tick interrupt. 1) Slow clock |
| CPU Busy | 0x06 | Driver tells system APM to restore clock speed of the CPU. |
| Set Power State | 0x07 | Set system or device into Suspend/Standby/Off state. |
| Enable/Disable Power Management | 0x08 | |
| Restore APM BIOS Power-On Defaults | 0x09 | |
| Get Power Status | 0x0A | Supports AC status "On backup power". And battery status. |
| Get PM Event | 0x0B | Checks for APM events. Shall be called once per second. |
| Get Power State | 0x0C | |
| Enable/Disable Device Power Management | 0x0D | |
| APM Driver Version | 0x0E | |
| Engage/Disengage Power Management | 0x0F | APM management for a specific device. |
| Get Capabilities | 0x10 | |
| Get/Set/Disable Resume Timer | 0x11 | |
| Enable/Disable Resume on Ring Indicator | 0x12 | |
| Enable/Disable Timer Based Requests | 0x13 | |
| OEM APM Installation Check | 0x80 | Tells if APM BIOS supports OEM hardware dependent functions. |
| OEM APM Function | 0x80 | Access to OEM specific functions. |
APM functions
There are 21 APM function calls defined that the APM driver can use to query power management statuses, or request power state transitions. Example function calls include letting the BIOS know about current CPU usage, retrieving the current power state of a device, or requesting a power state change.Power states
The APM specification defines system power states and device power states.System power states
APM defines five power states for the computer system:- Full On: The computer is powered on, and no devices are in a power saving mode.
- APM Enabled: The computer is powered on, and APM is controlling device power management as needed.
- APM Standby: Most devices are in their low-power state, the CPU is slowed or stopped, and the system state is saved. The computer can be returned to its former state quickly.
- APM Suspend: Most devices are powered off, but the system state is saved. The computer can be returned to its former state, but takes a relatively long time..
- Off: The computer is turned off.
Device power states
The four states are:
- Device On: The device is in full power mode.
- Device Power Managed: The device is still powered on, but some functions may not be available, or may have reduced performance.
- Device Low Power: The device is not working. Power is maintained so that the device may be 'woken up'.
- Device Off: The device is powered off.
CPU