During the Second World War, the formation began its existence as the 98th Guards Rifle Division. It incorporated 296th Guards Rifle Regiment, 299th GRR, 302nd GRR. Formed in December 1943-January 1944 at Demitrov in the Moscow Military District. It was part of the 37th Guards Airborne Corps, 9th Guards Army on the Karelian Front, on the Svir river and near Budapest in February 1945. The division ended the war near Prague. On 7 June 1946, the division became an airborne unit at Pokrovka, Primorsky Krai. It included the 296th Guards Air-Landing Regiment, the 299th Guards Airborne Regiment and the 17th Guards Artillery Regiment. On 1 October 1948, the 296th was used to form the 13th Guards Airborne Division and was replaced by the new 95th Guards Air-Landing Regiment. In 1949, the 95th became an airborne regiment. On 1 June 1951, the division relocated to Belogorsk. The 217th Guards Airborne Regiment joined the 98th from the disbanded 13th Guards Airborne Division on 30 April 1955. In April 1956, the 95th was disbanded and replaced by the disbanded 99th Guards Airborne Division's 300th Guards Airborne Regiment. The 17th Guards Artillery Regiment also disbanded and was replaced by the 74th Guards Artillery Regiment of the 99th Division. In June 1956, the 37th Guards Airborne Corps was disbanded and the division was directly subordinated to the Airborne Headquarters. On 6 January 1959, the 243rd Separate Military-Transport Aviation Squadron was activated with the division, equipped with 10 Antonov An-2 transports. On 15 August 1960, the 74th Guards Artillery Regiment became the 812th Separate Guards Artillery Battalion. The battalion became the 1065th Guards Artillery Regiment on 27 April 1962. On 22 February 1968, for achievements in combat and political training, and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the USSR Armed Forces, the Division was awarded the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd degree. In August 1969, units of the division relocated to Bolgrad in the Odessa Military District and Chisinau and Merry Kut, Artsyz Raion. The division became involved in the major exercises "South", "Spring 72 ", " 73 - Crimea ", " Ether -74 ", "Spring -75 ", " Shield -79 ", " Shield -82 "" Summer 90 ". On 1 October 1992, the 300th Guards Airborne Regiment left the division and became a separate unit. It was replaced by the 106th Guards Airborne Division's 331st Guards Airborne Regiment.
The division was relocated from Bolgrad in Ukraine to Ivanovo after the fall of the Soviet Union during May 1993. 217th Guards was moved to Ivanovo in the spring of 1993. In doing so remnants of its constituent units, such as the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment, were reorganised as Ukrainian formations. At about the same time, the 300th Guards Parachute Regiment was detached and sent to Abakan in Siberia. In December 1997, the 299th Guards Airborne Regiment was absorbed into the 217th Guards Airborne Regiment. Today, its two regiments, the 217th and 299th, are stationed near the Ivanovo Severny military-transport airfield. However another source lists the two constituent regiments as the 217th and 331st, the later having transferred from 106th 'Tula' Guards Airborne Division in 1998. It took part in the 2008 South Ossetian War. In August 2014, 10 members of the division were captured, amidst the War in Donbass, near the Russia–Ukraine border; according to Ukraine while conducting operations in Ukraine, after having crossed the border illegally; according to Russia they had "crossed the border by accident on an unmarked section". Russia has been accused of, and has denied, supporting the pro-Russian separatists who battle the Ukrainian army in the War in Donbass. A battalion tactical group of the division's 331st Guards Regiment participated in the August fighting. In February 2015, its 217th Guards Regiment and 1065th Guards Artillery Regiment were participating in the war. On 26 August 2015, 18-year-old Pavel Bakhtin — about three months short of being demobilised — was a sentry for the 331st Guards Airborne Regiment at a field camp near Pesochnoye on the border between Yaroslavl and Kostroma Oblasts. After duty, Bakhtin went back to the guard house without returning his weapon, and unleashed it on his comrades, killing six including himself and wounding three, one of whom later died of their wounds in hospital.
