610

By place

Byzantine Empire

• October 4 - Heraclian revolt: Heraclius arrives with a fleet from Africa at Constantinople. Assisted by an uprising in the capital, he overthrows and personally beheads Emperor Phocas. Heraclius gains the throne with help from his father Heraclius the Elder. His first major act is to change the official language of the Eastern Roman Empire from Latin to Greek. Because of this, after AD 610, the Empire is customarily referred to as the Byzantine Empire.

  Europe

• The Avars invade the Duchy of Friuli, an important buffer between the Kingdom of the Lombards in Italy and the Slavs. During the fighting Gisulf II dies and his duchy is overrun.
• King Witteric is assassinated during a banquet at Toledo, by a faction of Catholic nobles. He is succeeded by Gundemar, duke of Narbonne, who becomes king of the Visigoths in Hispania.
• King Theuderic II loses Alsace, Champagne and Thurgau to his elder brother Theudebert II of Austrasia. His Burgundian army is defeated east of the Jura Mountains against the Alemanni.
• The Volga Bulgaria arises on the territory of modern Russia, being the first civilisation in the region to avert from the Early Slavs.

  Britain

• Selyf ap Cynan succeeds his father Cynan Garwyn as king of Powys.

  By topic

Arts and sciences

• Paper technology is imported into Japan from China by the Korean Buddhist priest, Dam Jing.

  Religion

• Muhammad, Islamic prophet, begins secretly at 40 years old to preach a new religion which will be called Islam. According to Islamic teachings, the angel Gabriel appears to him in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca and calls him: "The Prophet of Allah". Muhammad gathers followers, reciting to them the first verses of al-Alaq, thus beginning the revelation of the Qur'an.
• Pope Boniface IV presides over a Council of Rome for the restoration of monastic discipline. Attendees include Mellitus, first bishop of London.
• Columbanus and Gallus begin their missionary work in Bregenz, near Lake Constance.
• John V becomes patriarch of Alexandria.