506th Heavy Panzer Battalion


The 506th Heavy Panzer Battalion was a german heavy Panzer Abteilung equipped with Tiger I tanks until 28 July, 1944. During the period from 20 August to 12 September 1944, it was re-equipped with a full complement of 45 Tiger Ausf. B tanks. Some of the first Tiger IIs delivered to the 506th were examples fitted with the early production turret. The battalion saw action on the Eastern and Western Fronts during World War II. As with other German heavy tank battalions, it was attached as needed to larger formations. The 506th was unique in being the only Tiger battalion to include a fourth company. (schwere Panzerkompanie Hummel, equipped with Tiger I tanks, was consolidated with the 506th in 1944. It was also unique in that it regularly received new vehicles and replacements from other units to maintain a full complement. Serving until the collapse of the Ruhr Pocket in April 1945, it performed well overall, particularly when employed in scenarios where the tactical advantages of the Tigers could be maximized.

Equipment

As with other Tiger battalions, the 506th's complement of tanks was supported by mechanized Reconnaissance infantry and Pioneers. The unit was also supported by a battery of self-propelled anti-aircraft guns. The 506th was the first of the Tiger battalions to be solely equipped with heavy tanks; it was never equipped with variants of the Panzer III for support. The Tiger I tanks of the 506th had a unique 2-digit enumeration system. The battalion staff platoon tanks were numbered '01,' '02,' and '03,' and each company's 14 tigers were simply numbered 1-14. The HQ and separate companies could be identified by the color of the numbers: black for the HQ, white for the 1st company, red for the 2nd, and yellow for the 3rd. This carried over to the unit insignia, where the color of the 'W' matched that of the company's enumeration.
When the unit was re-equipped with Tiger IIs and later received a 4th company consisting of Tiger Is, the numbering system was changed slightly. While retaining the 1-14 numbering scheme, a prefix digit was added to signify the company. Digits for tanks of the 2nd company received a white outline, while the yellow digits of the third company were changed to black with yellow outline. The tanks of the 4th company also used the 3-digit system and the color for the company was green.

Combat History

Eastern Front

First Combat

The unit was initiated in Pölten on the 8th of May 1943 from men of Pz.Rgt.33. Equipped with 45 Tiger Is, it first saw combat on 20 September. The 506th saw extensive action in the Battle of the Dnieper and later fought in the Krivoi Rog area, south of Kirovograd. The unit commander, Major Gerhard Willing, was killed in action on 29 October.
On 28 November, 1943, Hauptmann Eberhard Lange was assigned as commander. On December 16, the unit's 9 operational Tigers were deployed near Kirovograd in support of the 13th Panzer Division. By the 20th of December, none of the battalion's 27 remaining tanks were operational. Four were in running order the next day, but one of these was destroyed by a captured 8,8cm anti-aircraft gun on 25 December. Thirteen of the 506th's remaining tanks were transported by rail to Oratow to support III.Panzer-Korps and fighting would continue throughout the next month. The unit suffered heavy losses during operations alongside the 16th Panzer Division and had lost 16 of its 26 total tanks by the 27th of January, but 6 new tanks were delivered on both the 29th and 30th.

Korsun-Cherkassy

On 1 February, the battalion undertook a 100km road march west of the Korsun–Cherkassy Pocket in preparation of a relief attempt. With 10 Tigers in running order the 506th took Kutschkowa alongside the 16th Panzer Division on 4 February to begin Operation: Wanda. During the next few days, despite fuel shortages and the subsequent stalling of the advance, the 506th knocked out 49 enemy tanks with no losses of its own. It was strengthened with 5 Tigers and relocated to Winograd with 27 total tanks on 9 February before being attached to schwere Panzer Regiment Bäke on the 11th. Over the next few days, the unit pushed to Lissjanka with support from the Luftwaffe and made contact with the 1st Panzer Division on the 14th. However, the breakout attempt was unsuccessful and the unit was forced to withdraw, destroying 3 of its own tanks in the process. At the beginning of March, the Tiger tanks of the 506th were transferred to the 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion and the unit marched to Lemberg for reconstitution.

Dnieper River Defense

On the 29th of March, the 506th began receiving Tiger I tanks. A total of 45 were delivered between that day and 8 April. On 2 April, the unit was ordered to Pomorjany with 22 tanks operational. Supporting the 227th Jäger Regiment of the 100th Jäger Division on 4 April, the western portion of Podhajtzi was taken. This was followed with further action with the unit's remaining 18 operational tanks on the 5th. On the 6th of April, the unit had 14 operational Tigers and succeeded in breaking through Soviet defensive positions west of Brangelowka, destroying 12 tanks in the process. The following day, the 506th destroyed 20 tanks while defending against Soviet counterattacks. The unit continued to fight alongside the 100th Jäger Division until the 10th of April.
Following a march to Slobodka, 22 Tigers were assembled before supporting Pz.Gren.Rgt.73 of the 19th Panzer Division in operations on the 16th. The 2nd company, lead by Oberleutnant Brandt, assaulted Isakow on 19 April and followed this with defensive operations on the 20th, during which Oberleutnant Brandt was killed when his Tiger was ambushed by a Soviet self-propelled gun.
On the 21st of April, the 506th was again on the offensive, supporting the 1st Infantry Division. Five tanks were also employed with the 23rd Panzer Regiment in a successful attack northeast of Zaborkruki, but all five vehicles broke down. By the 29th of April, Chocimierz had been captured by the 506th in tandem with Panzer-Regiment 23.
Over the next several days, the 506th's remaining Tigers and the 23rd Panzer Regiment fought a series of tug-of-war skirmishes with Soviet forces. IS-1 tanks were encountered during this period, with one captured by German forces on 1 May. A Tiger of the 506th's third company was knocked out by one of these Soviet heavy tanks on the 2nd of May. For the remainder of the month, the unit was attached to the 17th Panzer Division.
On the 1st of June, the 506th was equipped with 2 Bergetiger recovery vehicles. With 39 operational Tiger Is, the unit supported the retreat of the 1st Infantry Division across the Dnjestr for much of June before being recalled to an assembly area in Slobodka. In mid-July, it marched 100km towards Zlozow, where it fought in a series of unsuccessful relief attempts from the 16th to the 21st of July. Oberleutnant Panzl, commander of the 3rd company, was killed in action on 17 July when his tank was destroyed, leaving the unit with 40 operational tanks as of 18 July.
The 506th fought a series of engagements from the 18th of July to the 24th, withdrawing southwest to evade encirclement. During this period, most of the units Tigers had to be destroyed to avoid capture. This was followed by a march for the next couple of days, during which one Tiger I broke through a 24-ton bridge. From the 27th to the 28th of July, the 506th fought near Kudlatowka and Kalesch before being relieved and relocated to Munkatsch. The unit's 6 remaining operational Tigers were transferred to the 507th Heavy Panzer Battalion. On the 15th of August, the unit began transfer to Ohrdruf for refitting. This marked the end of the 506th's service on the Eastern Front. It would remain in the West for the remainder of the war.

Western Front

Market Garden and the Battle of Aachen

The 506th received a full complement of 45 Tiger II tanks from 20 August to 12 September 1944 and was entrained to the Netherlands, arriving on the night of 23/24 September and attached to 1.Fallschirm-Panzer Armee. The battalion's headquarters and 1./s.Pz.Abt.506 were sent to Aachen while the King Tigers of 2./s.Pz.Abt.506 and 3./s.Pz.Abt.506 were assigned to 10.SS.Pz.Div and 9.SS.Pz.Div, respectively, and deployed to counter Market Garden.
2./s.Pz.Abt.506 fought with 10.SS.Pz.Div south of the Rhine River. It saw action on 1 October in which 8 Tigers were lost; half of these being recovered later. Most losses were due to the road conditions, as several tigers slipped off the narrow roads and down the dikes, bogging down in ditches. At least one Tiger was disabled by British PIAT fire. It is likely that two of the "Tiger" write-offs were, in fact, a pair of Jagdtiger tank destroyers deployed in combat trials with the 506th, as German records indicate a loss of 4 "Tigers" while the 506th's inventory of Tiger II tanks only decreased by two. The Jagdtigers in question were knocked out by Allied air attacks. On 2 October, five tanks of the 2./s.Pz.Abt.506 were deployed with the 116th Panzer Division "Windhund" northeast of Elst, but the advance is halted by Allied counterattacks.
3./s.Pz.Abt.506 was deployed with KG Spindler and Allwoerden in the southeastern sector of Oosterbeek. The Tigers had difficulty operating in the narrow confines of urban combat for which they were not designed. The company lost a single Tiger II to PIAT and 6-pounder anti-tank gun fire in Oosterbeek after it drove into the town. By this time, while the 506th was a veteran unit, a number of replacement crews were inexperienced as the unit had only just finished its refit at the beginning of the month.
On 7 October, 3 of the 4 tanks in a platoon at Alsdorf are knocked out by the American 743rd Tank Destroyer Battalion. Further fighting ensued on the 11th and 12th while the unit was in the midst of redeployment. Assembly was finished by October 14th and this was followed by fighting alongside the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division starting in the Probsteier Forest over the next several days. On the 15th, Unteroffizier Wiedeschitz's tank shot down an enemy aircraft; he would receive a commendation certificate for this occurrence. By the 20th of October the 506th had 18 tanks operational out of 35 total. The unit was redeployed to Gereonsweiler after the fall of Aachen the next day.
The unit had 35 operational Tigers by the 1st of November when it saw action with XXXVII Panzer Korps. Two additional Tigers were delivered the next day, and the unit had 36 operational tanks out of 37 total when it was reassembled on 15 November near Merken.
Early in the morning on 17 November, the 506th supported Panthers of the 9th Panzer Division under Generalmajor Harald Freiherr von Elverfedt in a counterattack against the 2nd Armored Division "Hell on Wheels" at the town of Puffendorf. 2nd Armored was itself initiating an attack, and the two tank forces clashed outside the town. The Americans suffered heavy losses during the fighting; the 2nd Battalion of "Hell on Wheels" alone lost 19 tanks. In the soft ground outside Puffendorf, the M4's high ground pressure, proved a great detriment to the Americans' ability to maneuver.
During the battle, infantry was largely inconsequential as both sides found their troops pinned by artillery fire for much of the fighting. The 506th lost 3 Tigers set ablaze by artillery fire from the 67th Artillery Regiment. The commander of one of these tanks, Stabsfeldwebel Kannenberg, would be awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross posthumously on 9 December. Exhausted of supplies and with few tanks left at 1600 hours, 2nd Armored was forced to withdraw into Puffendorf.
On the 19th, the American 702nd Tank Destroyer Battalion counterattacked with M10 GMC tank destroyers and new M36 GMCs mounting powerful 90mm L/53 cannons. An M36 destroyed a Tiger of the 506th north of Fiealdenhoven with a shot to the turret side at 1000m. On 20 November, the Americans again attacked. The 506th and 9. Panzer were able to slow the advance to a halt, but not before the towns of Gereonsweiler and Ederen were captured. The 506th supported the 12th Volksgrenadier Division three days later in a counterattack near Pützlohn. Before 27 November, the 506th lost another Tiger in Ederen when the inexperienced crew made a U-turn after receiving hits. This gave the 2.A.D's M4 tanks a shot at the thinner rear armor and the vehicle was knocked out by a hit to the engine compartment. On 1 December, the 506th was withdrawn to Grevenbroich with 11 tanks operational out of 30 total. From the 8th to the 13th, 12 additional Tigers were delivered, but tank 2-11 was captured by the American 129th Ordnance Battalion in Gereonsweiler on the 15th.

Ardennes

The 506th was one of two Tiger battalions to take part in the initial "Operation: Watch on the Rhine," the other being the 501st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion. The unit was transported to Eifel in preparation for the offensive, but orders were changed and the unit marched south before engaging in a skirmish at Andler on 17 December. The 506th and schwere Panzerabteilung 301 "Funklenk" were assigned to the 6th Panzer Army and on the 18th schwere Panzer-Kompanie "Hummel" was consolidated with the 506th. S.Pz.Kp "Hummel" had fought alongside the 506th previously during Market Garden. This formed the fourth company "Feuerwehr" and reintroduced the Tiger I to the unit for the first time since being transferred to the Western Front. The same day, one of five Tiger IIs enroute to Lullingerkamp was destroyed at close range, forcing the others to withdraw. The unit saw further action later in the day, knocking out 3 tanks and 6 anti-tank cannons. Another Tiger was knocked out the next day when American tanks enroute to Bastogne engaged the 506th.
Over the course of the next several days the 506th fought a number of further engagements in Luxembourg, losing an additional Tiger on the 24th of December during an attack on Adler. The unit's assembly area in Eschdorf was attacked from the air on the 25th and two additional Tigers were destroyed. From the 31st of December to the 1st of January 1945, the 506th fought in the Bastogne area before being transferred west of Michamps to support the 12th SS Panzer Division. On the 2nd, fighting near Wardin alongside the 12th SS saw the destruction of some 15 M4 tanks. The following day, the 506th lost another Tiger to fire from the 81st Anti-tank Battalion; the hit caused an explosion that blew the turret from the hull.
From the 8th of January to the 13th, the 506th fought a series of engagements in the area, losing two vehicles on the 13th to bring the total count of Tigers to 33. One tank suffered a final drive failure while the other was lost to fire from the 6th Armored Division when sent to recover the broken-down tank.
Two further Tiger IIs and a single Tiger I were destroyed by their own crews when the Americans broke out of Bastogne in mid-January. Eberhard Lange, now a Major, was relieved by Generaloberst Hasso von Manteuffel and command given to Hauptmann Heiligenstadt. The Headquarters and four combat companies prepared for reconstitution at the beginning of February with no operational tanks. Heiligenstadt's command was cut short when he was captured along with Hauptmann Wacker and Leutnant Bopp while conducting reconnaissance on 9 February. Hautpmann Jobst-Christoph von Römer was given command and on 16 February the 4th company was detached from the 506th with 5 operational Tiger Is; 8 had seen combat in the Ardennes during the company's time with the 506th. On 26 February a Tiger of the 506th knocked out 3 American tanks near Irsch and the unit would see numerous small skirmishes throughout the month of March near Weinsheim.

End of the War

On 5 March, 1945, the Americans broke through at Kyllburg and three Tigers of the 506th were knocked out. The advance was halted, but an additional 5 tanks are destroyed by their crew. On 6 March, with 7 Tigers available in running order, the unit conducts offensive operations with the 340th Volksgrenadier Division, but another 6 tanks are destroyed the following day near Boxberg. With a pair of Tigers restored, the battalion is left with 3 operational tanks out of 15 total. 2 new tanks are delivered to the unit in Welcherath on 8 March and are dug into defensive positions, but they are destroyed by the unit due to a lack of fuel. The same day, the units trucks and wheeled vehicles, along with tankless crewmen, are assembled near Hoehr-Grenzhausen.
Thirteen new Tigers are scheduled for delivery on 12 March, but they fail to arrive. Four of these vehicles instead were deployed in defense by Kampfgruppe Dunker with elements of the 116th Panzer Division at Beckum. As of 15 March, the 506th has two operational tigers, but receives 7 additional tanks on the 20th transferred from the 501st SS Heavy Panzer Battalion. The battalion, with 22 total vehicles, receives a complement of Jagdtiger tank destroyers from the 512th heavy tank destroyer battalion on 22 March and the next day is joined by the 654th heavy tank destroyer battalion to form Panzergruppe Hudel. The unit launches a counterattack against American forces on 24 March but fails to progress and initiates withdrawal towards Siegen the next day. On 26 March, a Jagdtiger and two Tiger IIs are destroyed by their crew after being immobilized by suspension damage. The unit crosses the Sieg River near Wissen and the remaining Jagdtigers are subsequently detached from the unit.
The Tigers of the 506th engage in defensive operations in and around Siegen for the next four days before being ordered to Schmallenberg; three tanks are left destroyed by their crew outside Siegen. On 2 April, another shipment of 6 tanks from the 501st SS is received and 11 of the remaining Tigers march 100km on the 3rd and 4th of April to join the 3rd Panzergrenadier Division in defensive operations. Three tanks break down during the march.
The 506th continues marches through 6 April when it is attached to Panzer Brigade 106 "Feldherrnhalle" with 3 Tigers in running order. Over the next few days, the 506th fights a series of skirmishes alongside the 176th Infantry Division and 338th Infantry Division. On 10 April, the battalion is back up to 7 operational tanks, but one is knocked out the following day near Marmecke. On 12 April, with most tanks out of fuel, the unit moves into the Eslohe-Kobbenrode area and a lone Tiger is deployed east of Werdohl. On the 13th of April, the unit moves into Iserlohn and the tank crew serve as infantry south of the city. On the 14th, s.Pz.Abt.506 is disbanded by Hauptmann von Römer in Iserlohn.

Commanders