4MV
The 4MV planetary probe is a designation for a common design used for Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. It was an incremental improvement of earlier 3MV probes and was used for Mars missions 4 to 7 and Venera missions 9 to 16. The same base design was used for some earth-orbiting space observatories.Design
The spacecraft bus has a height of and a solar panel span of. The central section of the bus has a diameter of about and contained propellant. The main engine is encircled by a conical instrument compartment with the diameter of at the base.Variants
- Mars M-69: M-69 s/n 521, M-69 s/n 522
- Mars M-71|3MS:Cosmos 419, Mars 2, Mars 3
- Prognoz: Prognoz 1 to 9, Intercosmos 23
- Mars M-73|3MS|3MP: Mars 4, Mars 5, Mars 6, Mars 7
- Venera 4V-1: Venera 9, Venera 10, Venera 11, Venera 12, Venera 13, Venera 14
- Astron: Astron
- Venera 4V-2: Venera 15, Venera 16
- Granat: Granat
