410s BC
This decade witnessed the continuing decline of the Achaemenid Empire, fierce warfare amongst the Greek city-states during the Peloponnesian War, the ongoing Warring States period in Zhou dynasty China, and the closing years of the Olmec civilization in modern-day Mexico.Significant people
- Euphemus of Athens, Archon of Athens. In office 417-416 BC
- Euripides of Athens, playwright
- Socrates of Athens, philosopher
- Sophocles of Athens, playwright
- Thucydides of Athens, historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War
- Hannibal Mago, King of Carthage, r. 440-406 BC
- Weilieh, Zhou dynasty king of China, r. 425-402 BC
- Tharrhypas, King of Epirus, r. 430-390 BC
- Perdiccas II, King of Macedon, r. 454-413 BC
- Archelaus I, King of Macedon, r. 413-399 BC
- Mahapadma Nanda, King of the Nanda Dynasty in Magadha, r. c. 420-362 BC
- Kosho, legendary Emperor of Japan, r. 475-393 BC
- Amanineteyerike, King of Kush r. 431-405 BC
- Darius II, King of the Achaemenid Persian Empire r. 423-404 BC
- Amyrtaeus of Egypt, Anti-Achaemenid rebel and future Pharaoh of Egypt
- Joiada of Judah, High-Priest of Israel, held position 433-410 BC
- Johanan of Judah, High-priest of Israel, held position 410-371 BC
- Malachi of Judah, prophet
- Tissaphernes of Persia, Satrap of Lydia and Caria
- Abdemon, King of Salamis, r. 420-410 BC
- Evagoras, King of Salamis, r. 410-374 BC
- Pleistoanax and Agis II, co-kings of Sparta.
- Seuthes I, King of Thrace, r. 424-410 BC
- Amadocus I, King of Thrace, r. 410-390 BC
Contemporaries of future importance
- Artaxerxes of Persia, Achaemenid prince and future King of Persia
- Cyrus the Younger of Persia, Achaemenid prince and satrap
- Plato of Athens, student of Socrates and future philosopher
- Xenophon of Athens, soldier and future writer of Anabasis
