35th United States Congress

Major events

• Panic of 1857
• March 4, 1857. James Buchanan became President of the United States
• March 6, 1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford
• July 18, 1857: Utah Expedition left Fort Leavenworth, effectively beginning the Utah War
• August 21, 1858: First of the Lincoln-Douglas debates was held
• March 3, 1859: Financial appropriations for the improvement and construction of lighthouses.

  Major legislation

Treaties

• March 12, 1858: Treaty with the Ponca signed
• April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed
• July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan

  States admitted

• May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state
• February 14, 1859: [|Oregon] admitted as the 33rd state

  Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

• President: John C. Breckinridge
• President pro tempore: James M. Mason, March 4, 1857, only
• * Thomas J. Rusk, elected March 14, 1857
• * Benjamin Fitzpatrick, elected December 7, 1857

  House of Representatives

• Speaker: James L. Orr

  Members

Senate

[List of [United States Senators from Alabama|Alabama]]

• 3. Benjamin Fitzpatrick
• 2. Clement C. Clay, Jr.

  Arkansas">List of United States Senators from Arkansas">Arkansas

• 2. William K. Sebastian
• 3. Robert W. Johnson

  California">List of United States Senators from California">California

• 1. David C. Broderick
• 3. William M. Gwin

  Connecticut">List of United States Senators from Connecticut">Connecticut

• 1. James Dixon
• 3. La Fayette S. Foster

  Delaware">List of United States Senators from Delaware">Delaware

• 1. James A. Bayard, Jr.
• 2. Martin W. Bates

  Florida">List of United States Senators from Florida">Florida

• 1. Stephen Mallory
• 3. David Levy Yulee

  Georgia">List of United States Senators from Georgia">Georgia

• 2. Robert Toombs
• 3. Alfred Iverson, Sr.

  Illinois">List of United States Senators from Illinois">Illinois

• 2. Stephen A. Douglas
• 3. Lyman Trumbull

  Indiana">List of United States Senators from Indiana">Indiana

• 1. Jesse D. Bright
• 3. Graham N. Fitch

  Iowa">List of United States Senators from Iowa">Iowa

• 2. George Wallace Jones
• 3. James Harlan

  Kentucky">List of United States Senators from Kentucky">Kentucky

• 2. John B. Thompson
• 3. John J. Crittenden

  Louisiana">List of United States Senators from Louisiana">Louisiana

• 2. Judah P. Benjamin
• 3. John Slidell

  Maine">List of United States Senators from Maine">Maine

• 1. Hannibal Hamlin
• 2. William Pitt Fessenden

  Maryland">List of United States Senators from Maryland">Maryland

• 1. Anthony Kennedy
• 3. James Pearce

  Massachusetts">List of United States Senators from Massachusetts">Massachusetts

• 1. Charles Sumner
• 2. Henry Wilson

  Michigan">List of United States Senators from Michigan">Michigan

• 1. Zachariah Chandler
• 2. Charles E. Stuart

  Minnesota">List of United States Senators from Minnesota">Minnesota

• 1. Henry M. Rice, from May 11, 1858
• 2. James Shields, from May 11, 1858

  Mississippi">List of United States Senators from Mississippi">Mississippi

• 1. Jefferson Davis
• 2. Albert G. Brown

  Missouri">List of United States Senators from Missouri">Missouri

• 1. Trusten Polk
• 3. James S. Green

  New Hampshire">List of United States Senators from New Hampshire">New Hampshire

• 2. John P. Hale
• 3. James Bell, until May 26, 1857
• * Daniel Clark, from June 27, 1857

  New Jersey">List of United States Senators from New Jersey">New Jersey

• 1. John R. Thomson
• 2. William Wright

  New York">List of United States Senators from New York">New York

• 1. Preston King
• 3. William H. Seward

  North Carolina">List of United States Senators from North Carolina">North Carolina

• 2. David S. Reid
• 3. Asa Biggs, until May 5, 1858
• * Thomas L. Clingman, from May 7, 1858

  Ohio">List of United States Senators from Ohio">Ohio

• 1. Benjamin Wade
• 3. George E. Pugh

  Oregon">List of United States Senators from Oregon">Oregon

• 2. Delazon Smith, from February 14, 1859
• 3. Joseph Lane, from February 14, 1859

  Pennsylvania">List of United States Senators from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania

• 1. Simon Cameron
• 3. William Bigler

  Rhode Island">List of United States Senators from Rhode Island">Rhode Island

• 1. James F. Simmons
• 2. Philip Allen

  South Carolina">List of United States Senators from South Carolina">South Carolina

• 2. Josiah J. Evans, until May 6, 1858
• * Arthur P. Hayne, from May 11, 1858, until December 2, 1858
• * James Chesnut, Jr., from December 3, 1858
• 3. Andrew Butler, until May 25, 1857
• * James H. Hammond, from December 7, 1857

  Tennessee">List of United States Senators from Tennessee">Tennessee

• 1. Andrew Johnson, from October 8, 1857
• 2. John Bell

  Texas">List of United States Senators from Texas">Texas

• 1. Thomas J. Rusk, until July 29, 1857
• * J. Pinckney Henderson, November 9, 1857 - June 4, 1858
• * Matthias Ward, from September 27, 1858
• 2. Samuel Houston

  Vermont">List of United States Senators from Vermont">Vermont

• 1. Solomon Foot
• 3. Jacob Collamer

  Virginia">List of United States Senators from Virginia">Virginia

• 1. James M. Mason
• 2. Robert M. T. Hunter

  Wisconsin">List of United States Senators from Wisconsin">Wisconsin

• 1. James R. Doolittle
• 3. Charles Durkee

House of Representatives

[List of [United States Representatives from Alabama|Alabama]]

• . James A. Stallworth
• . Eli S. Shorter
• . James F. Dowdell
• . Sydenham Moore
• . George S. Houston
• . Williamson R. W. Cobb
• . Jabez L. M. Curry

  Arkansas">List of United States Representatives from Arkansas">Arkansas

• . Alfred B. Greenwood
• . Edward A. Warren

  California">List of United States Representatives from California">California

• . Joseph C. McKibbin
• . Charles L. Scott

  Connecticut">List of United States Representatives from Connecticut">Connecticut

• . Ezra Clark, Jr.
• . Samuel Arnold
• . Sidney Dean
• . William D. Bishop

  Delaware">List of United States Representatives from Delaware">Delaware

• . William G. Whiteley

  Florida">List of United States Representatives from Florida">Florida

• . George S. Hawkins

  Georgia">List of United States Representatives from Georgia">Georgia

• . James L. Seward
• . Martin J. Crawford
• . Robert P. Trippe
• . Lucius J. Gartrell
• . Augustus R. Wright
• . James Jackson
• . Joshua Hill
• . Alexander Stephens

  Illinois">List of United States Representatives from Illinois">Illinois

• . Elihu B. Washburne
• . John F. Farnsworth
• . Owen Lovejoy
• . William Kellogg
• . Isaac N. Morris
• . Thomas L. Harris, until November 24, 1858
• * Charles D. Hodges, from January 4, 1859
• . Aaron Shaw
• . Robert Smith
• . Samuel S. Marshall

  Indiana">List of United States Representatives from Indiana">Indiana

• . James Lockhart, until September 7, 1857
• * William E. Niblack, from December 7, 1857
• . William H. English
• . James Hughes
• . James B. Foley
• . David Kilgore
• . James M. Gregg
• . John G. Davis
• . James Wilson
• . Schuyler Colfax
• . Samuel Brenton, until March 29, 1857
• * Charles Case, from December 7, 1857
• . John U. Pettit

  Iowa">List of United States Representatives from Iowa">Iowa

• . Samuel Curtis
• . Timothy Davis

  Kentucky">List of United States Representatives from Kentucky">Kentucky

• . Henry C. Burnett
• . Samuel O. Peyton
• . Warner L. Underwood
• . Albert G. Talbott
• . Joshua Jewett
• . John M. Elliott
• . Humphrey Marshall
• . James B. Clay
• . John C. Mason
• . John W. Stevenson

  Louisiana">List of United States Representatives from Louisiana">Louisiana

• . George Eustis, Jr.
• . Miles Taylor
• . Thomas G. Davidson
• . John M. Sandidge

  Maine">List of United States Representatives from Maine">Maine

• . John M. Wood
• . Charles J. Gilman
• . Nehemiah Abbott
• . Freeman H. Morse
• . Israel Washburn, Jr.
• . Stephen C. Foster

  Maryland">List of United States Representatives from Maryland">Maryland

• . James A. Stewart
• . James B. Ricaud
• . J. Morrison Harris
• . Henry Winter Davis
• . Jacob M. Kunkel
• . Thomas F. Bowie

  Massachusetts">List of United States Representatives from Massachusetts">Massachusetts

• . Robert B. Hall
• . James Buffington
• . William S. Damrell
• . Linus B. Comins
• . Anson Burlingame
• . Timothy Davis
• . Nathaniel P. Banks, until December 24, 1857
• * Daniel W. Gooch, from January 31, 1858
• . Chauncey L. Knapp
• . Eli Thayer
• . Calvin C. Chaffee
• . Henry L. Dawes

  Michigan">List of United States Representatives from Michigan">Michigan

• . William A. Howard
• . Henry Waldron
• . David S. Walbridge
• . De Witt C. Leach

  Minnesota">List of United States Representatives from Minnesota">Minnesota

• . James M. Cavanaugh, from May 11, 1858
• . William W. Phelps, from May 11, 1858

  Mississippi">List of United States Representatives from Mississippi">Mississippi

• . Lucius Q. C. Lamar
• . Reuben Davis
• . William Barksdale
• . Otho R. Singleton
• . John A. Quitman, until July 17, 1858
• * John J. McRae, from December 7, 1858

  Missouri">List of United States Representatives from Missouri">Missouri

• . Francis P. Blair, Jr.
• . Thomas L. Anderson
• . John B. Clark, from December 7, 1857
• . James Craig
• . Samuel H. Woodson
• . John S. Phelps
• . Samuel Caruthers

  New Hampshire">List of United States Representatives from New Hampshire">New Hampshire

• . James Pike
• . Mason Tappan
• . Aaron H. Cragin

  New Jersey">List of United States Representatives from New Jersey">New Jersey

• . Isaiah D. Clawson
• . George R. Robbins
• . Garnett Adrain
• . John Huyler
• . Jacob R. Wortendyke

  New York">List of United States Representatives from New York">New York

• . John A. Searing
• . George Taylor
• . Daniel Sickles
• . John Kelly, until December 25, 1858
• * Thomas J. Barr, from January 7, 1859
• . William B. Maclay
• . John Cochrane
• . Elijah Ward
• . Horace F. Clark
• . John B. Haskin
• . Ambrose S. Murray
• . William F. Russell
• . John Thompson
• . Abram B. Olin
• . Erastus Corning
• . Edward Dodd
• . George W. Palmer
• . Francis E. Spinner
• . Clark B. Cochrane
• . Oliver A. Morse
• . Orsamus B. Matteson
• . Henry Bennett
• . Henry C. Goodwin
• . Charles B. Hoard
• . Amos P. Granger
• . Edwin B. Morgan
• . Emory B. Pottle
• . John M. Parker
• . William H. Kelsey
• . Samuel G. Andrews
• . Judson W. Sherman
• . Silas M. Burroughs
• . Israel T. Hatch
• . Reuben Fenton

  North Carolina">List of United States Representatives from North Carolina">North Carolina

• . Henry M. Shaw
• . Thomas H. Ruffin
• . Warren Winslow
• . Lawrence O'Bryan Branch
• . John A. Gilmer
• . Alfred M. Scales
• . F. Burton Craige
• . Thomas L. Clingman, until May 7, 1858
• * Zebulon B. Vance, from December 7, 1858

  Ohio">List of United States Representatives from Ohio">Ohio

• . George H. Pendleton
• . William S. Groesbeck
• . Lewis D. Campbell, until May 25, 1858
• * Clement Vallandigham, from May 25, 1858
• . Matthias H. Nichols
• . Richard Mott
• . Joseph R. Cockerill
• . Aaron Harlan
• . Benjamin Stanton
• . Lawrence W. Hall
• . Joseph Miller
• . Valentine B. Horton
• . Samuel S. Cox
• . John Sherman
• . Philemon Bliss
• . Joseph Burns
• . Cydnor B. Tompkins
• . William Lawrence
• . Benjamin F. Leiter
• . Edward Wade
• . Joshua R. Giddings
• . John Bingham

  Oregon">List of United States Representatives from Oregon">Oregon

• . La Fayette Grover, from February 14, 1859

  Pennsylvania">List of United States Representatives from Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania

• . Thomas B. Florence
• . Edward Joy Morris
• . James Landy
• . Henry M. Phillips
• . Owen Jones
• . John Hickman
• . Henry Chapman
• . J. Glancey Jones, until October 30, 1858
• * William H. Keim, from December 7, 1858
• . Anthony E. Roberts
• . John C. Kunkel
• . William L. Dewart
• . John G. Montgomery, until April 24, 1857
• * Paul Leidy, from December 7, 1857
• . William H. Dimmick
• . Galusha A. Grow
• . Allison White
• . John A. Ahl
• . Wilson Reilly
• . John R. Edie
• . John Covode
• . William Montgomery
• . David Ritchie
• . Samuel A. Purviance
• . William Stewart
• . James L. Gillis
• . John Dick

  Rhode Island">List of United States Representatives from Rhode Island">Rhode Island

• . Nathaniel B. Durfee
• . William D. Brayton

  South Carolina">List of United States Representatives from South Carolina">South Carolina

• . John McQueen
• . William P. Miles
• . Laurence M. Keitt
• . Milledge L. Bonham
• . James L. Orr
• . William W. Boyce

  Tennessee">List of United States Representatives from Tennessee">Tennessee

• . Albert G. Watkins
• . Horace Maynard
• . Samuel A. Smith
• . John H. Savage
• . Charles Ready
• . George W. Jones
• . John V. Wright
• . Felix Zollicoffer
• . John D. C. Atkins
• . William T. Avery

  Texas">List of United States Representatives from Texas">Texas

• . John H. Reagan
• . Guy M. Bryan

  Vermont">List of United States Representatives from Vermont">Vermont

• . Eliakim P. Walton
• . Justin S. Morrill
• . Homer E. Royce

  Virginia">List of United States Representatives from Virginia">Virginia

• . Muscoe R. H. Garnett
• . John S. Millson
• . John Caskie
• . William Goode
• . Thomas S. Bocock
• . Paulus Powell
• . William Smith
• . Charles J. Faulkner
• . John Letcher
• . Sherrard Clemens
• . Albert G. Jenkins
• . Henry A. Edmundson
• . George W. Hopkins

  Wisconsin">List of United States Representatives from Wisconsin">Wisconsin

• . John F. Potter
• . Cadwallader C. Washburn
• . Charles Billinghurst

  Non-voting members

• . Marcus J. Parrott
• . William W. Kingsbury, until May 11, 1858
• . Fenner Ferguson
• . Miguel A. Otero
• . Joseph Lane, until February 14, 1859
• . John M. Bernhisel
• . Isaac Stevens

Changes in membership

Senate

• replacements: 5
• * Democrats : no net change
• * Whigs : no net change
• * Republicans : no net change
• * Americans : no net change
• deaths: 4
• resignations: 1
• interim appointments: 2
• seats of newly admitted states: 4
• Total seats with changes: 9

  House of Representatives

• replacements: 10
• * Democrats : 3 seat net loss
• * Whigs : 3 seat net gain
• * Republicans : 1 seat net gain
• * Independent Democrats : 1 seat net gain
• deaths: 5
• resignations: 6
• contested election:1
• seats of newly admitted states: 3
• Total seats with changes: 14

  Committees

Senate

• Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
• Banks of the District of Columbia
• Claims
• Commerce
• Distributing Public Revenue Among the States
• District of Columbia
• Engrossed Bills
• Finance
• Foreign Relations
• French Spoilations
• Indian Affairs
• Judiciary
• Military Affairs
• Military Asylum near Washington, D.C.
• Militia
• Naval Affairs
• Ordnance and War Ships
• Pacific Railroad
• Patents and the Patent Office
• Pensions
• Post Office and Post Roads
• Printing
• Private Land Claims
• Public Buildings and Grounds
• Public Lands
• Retrenchment
• Revolutionary Claims
• Tariff Regulation
• Territories
• Whole

  House of Representatives

• Accounts
• Agriculture
• Claims
• Commerce
• District of Columbia
• Elections
• Engraving
• Expenditures in the Navy Department
• Expenditures in the Post Office Department
• Expenditures in the State Department
• Expenditures in the Treasury Department
• Expenditures in the War Department
• Expenditures on Public Buildings
• Foreign Affairs
• Indian Affairs
• Invalid Pensions
• Judiciary
• Manufactures
• Mileage
• Military Affairs
• Militia
• Naval Affairs
• Patents
• Post Office and Post Roads
• Private Land Claims
• Public Buildings and Grounds
• Public Expenditures
• Public Lands
• Revisal and Unfinished Business
• Revolutionary Claims
• Revolutionary Pensions
• Roads and Canals
• Rules
• Standards of Official Conduct
• Territories
• Ways and Means
• Whole

  Joint committees

• Enrolled Bills
• The Library
• Printing

  Caucuses

• Democratic
• Democratic

  Employees

Legislative branch agency">List of federal agencies in the United States#Legislative branch">Legislative branch agency directors

• Architect of the Capitol. Thomas U. Walter
• Librarian of Congress: John Silva Meehan

  Senate

• Chaplain. Stephen P. Hill
• Secretary. Asbury Dickins
• Sergeant at Arms. Dunning R. McNair

  House of Representatives

• Chaplain: None
• Clerk: James C. Allen
• Doorkeeper: Robert B. Hackney, until May 17, 1858
• * Joseph L. Wright, elected May 18, 1858
• Messenger: Thaddeus Morrice
• Sergeant at Arms: Adam J. Glossbrenner
• Postmaster: Michael W. Cluskey
• Reading Clerks: