24 Caprices for Solo Violin (Paganini)
The 24 Caprices for Solo Violin were written in groups by Niccolò Paganini between 1802 and 1817. They are also designated as M.S. 25 in Maria Rosa Moretti's and Anna Sorrento's Catalogo tematico delle musiche di Niccolò Paganini which was published in 1982. The Caprices are in the form of études, with each number exploring different skills
Ricordi first published them in 1820, where they were grouped and numbered from 1 to 24 as Op. 1, together with 12 Sonatas for Violin and Guitar and 6 Guitar Quartets. When Paganini released his Caprices, he dedicated them " artisti" rather than to a specific person. A sort of dedication can be recognized in Paganini's own score, where he annotated between 1832 and 1840 the following 'dedicatee' for each Caprice : 1: Henri Vieuxtemps; 2: Giuseppe Austri; 3: Ernesto Camillo Sivori; 4: Ole Bornemann Bull; 5: Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst; 6: Karol Józef Lipiński; 7: Franz Liszt; 8: Delphin Alard; 9: Herrmann; 10: ; 11: Sigismond Thalberg; 12: Dhuler; 13: Charles Philippe Lafont; 14: Jacques Pierre Rode; 15: Louis Spohr; 16: Rodolphe Kreutzer; 17: Alexandre Artôt; 18: Antoine Bohrer; 19: Andreas Jakob Romberg; 20: Carlo Gignami; 21: Antonio Bazzini; 22: Luigi Alliani; 23: ; 24: Nicolò Paganini, sepolto pur troppo.
Ferdinand David's first edition was published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1854. David, as editor, also issued an edition of Caprices with piano accompaniments by Robert Schumann. Another edition by David was issued in two books of 12 caprices each "mit hinzugefügter Begleitung des Pianoforte von Ferdinand David" and published by Breitkopf & Härtel.
Unlike many earlier and later sets of 24 pieces, there was no intention to write these caprices in 24 different keys.
Details
Scores
- Critical edition by
- Critical edition by
Complete set recordings
In 1947, Ruggiero Ricci made the first complete recording of the 24 Caprices in their original version. Ricci later made further recordings, as stated below:
- 1947 | 2LPs | Decca LK.4025 Nos.1–12; LXT.2588 Nos.13–24 -mono-; 1950 reprint | 2LPs | London Decca LL.264 Nos.1–12; LL.252 Nos.13–24 mono
- 1959 | LP | Decca LXT.5569 -mono- / SXL.2194 -stereo-
- 1973 | LP | Vox Turnabout TV-S 34528 | + premiere recording of Caprice d'adieu in E major, MS 68
- 1978 | 2LP | Price-Less C–93042 | "Golden Jubilee" – recorded direct-to-disc at Soundstage Recording Studio, Toronto, Canada | + Caprice d'adieu in E major, MS 68 + Duo merveille in C major, MS 6
- 1988 | CD | Radio Vaticana 061–003 / Biddulph LAW 016 | performed on Paganini's Guarneri del Gesù "Il Cannone"
- 1998 | CD | Dynamic CDS244 | 80th Birthday Concert, live in Szeged Synagogue, Hungary | version for violin and orchestra by Laszlo Meszlény and Chris Nicholls, based on the piano accompaniment composed by Robert Schumann
- 1982 | LaserDisc-NTSC | One Eleven, Ltd. URS-V-91610 | 69 mins. | BBC Scotland, Live television performance 1991
- 1987 | VHS-NTSC | Shar Products Company RR–1 | unedited performance
- Accardo, Salvatore
- – from the original Paganini's manuscript
- Barton-Pine, Rachel
- Becker-Bender, Tanja
- Berman, Pavel
- Chumachenco, Nicolas
- Ehnes, James – unedited performance, each caprice recorded in a single take
- Erlih, Devy
- Fedotov, Maxim
- Fischer, Julia
- Garrett, David – w. Bruno Canino, playing the Robert Schumann piano accompaniment for Nos. 1–23
- Gitlis, Ivry – released in 2007
- Gringolts, Ilya
- Hadelich, Augustin
- Kaler, Ilya
- Kamio, Mayuko – CD+DVD features an interview with Kamio
- Kavakos, Leonidas
- Kinga, Augustin
- Koelman, Rudolf – 1996 live recording
- Kováč, Tibor
- Madoyan, Nikolay – 'live' recording, 4 November 2003 at San Donato Church Genoa, Italy
- Malikian, Ara – Warner claim this to be the first complete recording made of the caprices, following the repetition marks included in the autograph score. Total playing time: 100'25''
- Markov, Alexander – 'live' recording, 3 May 1989. DVD Film directed by Bruno Monsaingeon
- Midori
- Milanova, Vanya
- Milenkovich, Stefan – 2-CD set with 'the complete music for solo violin'
- Mintz, Shlomo
- Paetsch, Michaela
- Papavrami, Tedi – 2-CD set with two different recordings: 1997 studio version + 19 April 2001, 'live' in Tokyo
- Pasquier, Régis
- Perlman, Itzhak
- Poulet, Gérard Georges
- Rabin, Michael
- Rogliano, Marco
- Shunsuke Sato – performed on pure gut strings
- Shimizu, Takashi
- Spivakovsky, Tossy – w. Lester Taylor, playing the Robert Schumann piano accompaniment for Nos. 1–23
- Stadler, Sergei
- Zalai, Antal
- Zehetmair, Thomas
- Zhislin, Grigori
- Zimmermann, Frank Peter – plays the first twelve Caprices on a Stradivari of 1706 and the remainder on a Stradivari of 1684
- Zukofsky, Paul – so-called 'authentic' performance based on the original manuscript
Arrangements
Violin and Piano
- version of No. 24 by composer himself, for violin and piano or guitar published separately as Variazioni di bravura
- piano accompaniments for Nos. 1–23 by Robert Schumann
- arrangement of Nos. 1–24 by Ferdinand David for violin and piano
- version of the 24 caprices "avec accompagnement de pianoforte" by John Liptrot Hatton
- arrangement of No. 13 by Jenő Hubay
- arrangement of Nos. 13, 20 and 24 by Fritz Kreisler
- arrangement of Nos. 17 and 24 by Leopold Auer
- arrangement of No. 6 by George Enescu
- arrangement of No. 9 "La chasse" by Jacques Thibaud
- arrangement of No. 9 and 23 by Florizel von Reuter
- arrangement of No. 9 by Albert Spalding
- arrangement of Nos. 17, 9, 13, 19 and 24 by Adolf Busch
- arrangement of No. 24 by Mischa Elman
- arrangement of Nos. 13, 22, 14, Nos. 21, 15, 9 and Nos. 20, 24 by Mario Pilati
- arrangement of Nos. 13, 17, 24 by Zino Francescatti
- re-composition of No. 20 as Concert Caprice by Max Rostal
- arrangement of No. 24 by Eduard Tubin
Violin and string orchestra
- arrangement of Nos. 13, 24 by Jascha Heifetz, No. 24 is based on Leopold Auer's piano arrangement
- arrangement of Nos. 2, 21, 20, 9, 24 as Five Paganini Caprices by Edison Denisov
- string orchestra accompaniment for Nos. 1–24 by Giedrius Kuprevičius
Viola solo
- arrangement of Nos. 5 and 13 by William Primrose
- arrangement of Nos. 1–24 by Emanuel Vardi
Viola and piano
- arrangements of No.17 by William Primrose and No. 24 by David Stimer
Cello solo
- arrangement of Nos. 9, 14, 17 by Yo-Yo Ma
Cello and piano
- arrangement of Nos. 13, 20 and 24 by Fritz Kreisler / re-arranged by Yo-Yo Ma for cello and piano
Flute solo
- arrangement of Nos. 1–24 by Patrick Gallois
Guitar solo
- arrangement of No. 24 by John Williams
- arrangement of Nos. 1–24 by Eliot Fisk
- arrangement of No. 24 by Marcin Patrzalek
Chamber orchestra
- arrangement of No. 24 by Adolf Busch
Clarinet and jazz band
- arrangement of No. 24 by Skip Martin and Benny Goodman
Complete set recordings of arrangements
- Berman, Pavel – Orchestra dei Talenti Musicali – live, Biella, Teatro Sociale, 2013
- Boyd, Bonita – arranged by Jules Herman for flute
- Drahos, Béla – arranged by Jules Herman for flute. Première recording of the 24 Caprices performed on the flute
- Fisk, Eliot – arranged by Eliot Fisk for guitar
- Gallois, Patrick – arranged by Patrick Gallois for flute
- Slapin, Scott – arranged for viola
- Vardi, Emanuel – arranged for viola. Recorded on a 17" Dodd viola in Vardi's home studio
- Wihan String Quartet – arranged by William Zinn for string quartet
Original works, based on Paganini's Caprices
Violin solo
- 9 variaciones sobre el capricho núm. 24 de Paganini by Manuel Quiroga
- 12 variaciones sobre el capricho núm. 24 de Paganini by Manuel Quiroga
- Paganiniana, Variations for violin solo by Nathan Milstein
- 50 Caprice Variations by George Rochberg
Violin and piano
- Paganini Variations on the 24th caprice by Eugène Ysaÿe
- Trois caprices de Paganini Op. 40 by Karol Szymanowski
- Trois caprices de Paganini Op. 97 by Darius Milhaud
Violin and orchestra
- Capriccio dei Capricci, Op. 50, by Franco Mannino
Piano solo
- Etudes after Paganini Caprices, Op. 3 by Robert Schumann
- 6 Concert Etudes after Paganini Caprices, Op. 10 by Robert Schumann
- Études d'exécution transcendante d'après Paganini, S. 140 by Franz Liszt
- Grandes études de Paganini, S. 141 by Franz Liszt
- Variations on a Theme by Paganini, Op. 35 ] by Johannes Brahms
- Sonatina Canonica in E major by Luigi Dallapiccola, dedicated to Pietro Scarpini
Two pianos
- Variations on a Theme by Paganini by Witold Lutosławski
Piano and orchestra
- Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Op. 43, by Sergei Rachmaninoff
- Wariacje na temat Paganiniego by Witold Lutosławski
Orchestra
- re-composition of various Paganini's works as Paganiniana, Op. 65: I. Allegro agitato by Alfredo Casella
- Paganini Variations, Op. 26 by Boris Blacher