At 16:50 local time, a Puyuma express train, service 6432 from bound for, derailed on a curve with a radius of when passing through the station in Yilan County, about from Taipei. There were 366 passengers travelling on the train. Of the eight carriages, numbers 3 through 8 toppled over and collided into each other in a "W" shape, while the rest went off the track with lesser damage. The front car was seen tipped over at an angle of 75 degrees, and most of the fatalities are believed to have been in this car. Survivor accounts claimed that the driver applied the emergency brake multiple times before the incident, and another claimed that the train sped up after the curve. All trains in the eastern trunk line were halted in both directions, with replacement bus services provided. Hundreds of medics and firefighters, and 100 army troops responded to the scene. As of 21:35 local time all passengers, including the dead, had been removed/evacuated from the wreckage. The derailment is the worst train accident in Taiwan since 1991, when 30 people were killed in a collision near Miaoli.
Victims
At least 18 people were killed in the accident, with another 187 injured, all on board. According to reports, one of the injured was a United States citizen. Six of the dead reportedly were under the age of 18. Taiwan's Railway Authority confirmed that 8 of the dead were of the same family, and the Health Ministry confirmed that 53 injured remained in the hospital.
Investigation
The train involved in the accident was built by the Japanese company Nippon Sharyo in 2011, and underwent major maintenance work in 2017. According to a press release from the Taiwan Railways Administration on 21 October, the cause of the accident is as yet unknown. On 22 October 2018, it was reported that the driver of the train reported an issue with the main air compressor just before the derailment. The Chief Secretary of Taiwan Railways Administration, Chu Lai-shun, said that a full failure of the main air compressor would cause insufficient power and problems with deceleration, but should not cause a derailment. In addition, the train's automatic train protection was disabled shortly before the derailment, which, according to the driver was because of an earlier fault which delayed the train. Prosecutors accused him of negligence for not turning it on again afterwards. Investigators believe that without ATP enabled, the train's speed was not properly monitored, which led to the train approaching the curve at a speed of, almost twice the speed limit. As part of the investigation, all 18 other Puyama trains in service on Taiwanese railways were thoroughly inspected. No fault was found. Nevertheless, a report by Chinese-language Apple Daily Sunday found that Taiwanese trains were experiencing problems with the ATP system, citing anonymous sources from within the TRA. As the investigation progressed, technical flaws with the connection of the train's protection system to the signalling centre were found with the Puyama trains, and Japanese manufacturer Nippon Sharyo promised the Taiwanese government it would fix the flaw by 11 November, with testing and certification expected to take a month.
Driver
The driver of the train was granted bail of on 23 October, after he had been detained for investigation.
Results
The conclusion of the investigation was announced by a press release on 6 June by the Taiwan Yilan District Prosecutors Office. The direct causes of the incident were found to be excessive speed in the curve and the disabling of the train protection system by the driver, in breach of relevant operating regulations. Issues with the main air compressor were found not to be a contributing factor. Improper management of the testing process of Puyuma trains, which caused an absence of testing of the ATP remote monitoring system, resulted in an indictment of the former Deputy Director of the TRA's Department of Rolling Stock and of the Chief of TRA's Central Dispatch Office. Other staff involved in the incident, such as dispatchers and mechanics, were found not to be liable, and no evidence of corruption or neglect of duty by public officials was reported.
Responses
President Tsai Ing-wen called the accident a "major tragedy" and directed the government and military to "step up" rescue efforts. The President also called for an investigation into the crash, that would "make clear the timing and situation of the whole accident". In addition, "drastic reform of the TRA to restore public confidence in the safety of railway transportation" is to be carried out. As a result of the incident, the Democratic Progressive Party and Kuomintang halted campaigning for the November local elections. The Taipei Blood Donation Centre issued a press release that highlighted local blood donation centres and urged blood donors to donate.
Memorials
President Tsai met with relatives of the dead and injured on 22 October. She joined Buddhist monks in prayer at an altar next to the hospital.
Legal
In March 2020, three people who worked for the TRA at the time of the derailment were impeached by the Control Yuan.
