2012 in Japan

Incumbents

• Emperor – Akihito
• Prime Minister: Yoshihiko Noda until December 26, Shinzō Abe
• Chief Cabinet Secretary: Osamu Fujimura until December 26, Yoshihide Suga
• Chief Justice of the Supreme Court: Hironobu Takesaki
• President of the House of Representatives: Takahiro Yokomichi until November 16, Bunmei Ibuki from December 26
• President of the House of Councillors: Kenji Hirata
• Diet sessions: 180th, 181st, 182nd

  Events

• January 1 – A strong, but very deep earthquake shakes large parts of Eastern Japan at a JMA-intensity of 4. The quake with an epicenter about 500 km South of mainland Tokyo in the Pacific Ocean near Torishima, Tokyo doesn't cause any reported serious damage or injuries, but can be felt from Southern Hokkaidō to Chūgoku.
• January 4 – Nagakute town in the former Aichi county of Aichi became a city.
• January 13 – In a cabinet reshuffle, Prime Minister Noda replaces five ministers, including two who had been the subject of censure motions by the opposition dominated upper house in December 2011; Katsuya Okada becomes deputy prime minister.
• late January and early February – At least 50 people die in heavy snow and record low temperatures across the country.
• February 5 – Kyoto City mayoral election: In the traditional Communist stronghold, incumbent mayor Daisaku Kadokawa won re-election with support from the major parties against Japanese Communist Party-supported Kazuo Nakamura by 54 to 46 percent of the vote.
• February 10: The central government sets up the reconstruction agency to coordinate the reconstruction efforts after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 with a central budget, replacing the previous reconstruction headquarters at the Cabinet Secretariat. Tatsuo Hirano becomes reconstruction minister; Masaharu Nakagawa returns to the cabinet to take over some responsibilities from Katsuya Okada and Tatsuo Hirano.
• February 29: Construction of Tokyo Skytree is completed.
• March 1 – Low-budget airline Peach launches flights.
• March 11 – Japan commemorates the first anniversary of the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.
• March 25 – Kumamoto gubernatorial election, incumbent Ikuo Kabashima sought re-election with support from the three largest parties DPJ, LDP and Kōmeitō. He easily beat Communist challenger Keisuke Kuboyama. Turnout hit a record low at 38.4 percent.
• March 31 – Analogue television broadcasts are terminated in the prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima and Iwate as Japan completed its digital switchover since it was started last July 24, 2011.
• April 1 – Kumamoto City, the capital of Kumamoto, became a City designated by government ordinance.
• April 12 – A car in Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto crashes into a pole and hits multiple pedestrians, resulting in eight dead and twelve injured. The accident, which was later attributed to the driver's epilepsy, was the worst traffic accident since 1996.
• May 13 – A hotel fire in Fukuyama, Hiroshima Prefecture, killing seven and injuring three persons.
• May 22 – The Tokyo Skytree, which was completed on 29 February 2012, officially opened to the public.
• June 5 – In a cabinet reshuffle, prime minister Noda replaces five ministers, including two who had been subject to censure by the opposition dominated upper house in April 2012; Satoshi Morimoto becomes the first non-parliamentarian defence minister.
• June 10 – In the Okinawa prefectural election governor Hirokazu Nakaima's centre-right supporters fail to win a majority in the Okinawa Prefectural Assembly.
• July 8 – Kagoshima gubernatorial election: Incumbent governor Yūichirō Itō supported by the major prefectural parties beats anti-nuclear activist Yoshitaka Mukohara to win a third term.
• July 29 – LDP-Kōmeitō-supported former Cabinet Secretariat and MLIT bureaucrat Shigetarō Yamamoto wins the Yamaguchi gubernatorial election to succeed retiring four-term governor Sekinari Nii. Defeated candidates are energy researcher Tetsunari Iida, ex-Democratic national Representative Tsutomu Takamura and former prefectural bureaucrat Shigeyuki Miwa.
• September 19 – The Nuclear Regulation Authority and its subordinate agency launched as an independent atomic regulator supervised by the Ministry of the Environment. They replace the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency of METI, the Japanese Nuclear Safety Commission of the Cabinet Office and departments of other ministries.
• September 21 – Yoshihiko Noda is reelected as president of the Democratic Party for a full term, now changed to three years, against challengers Kazuhiro Haraguchi, Hirotaka Akamatsu and Michihiko Kano.
• September 22 – Party president Natsuo Yamaguchi of Kōmeitō is re-elected unchallenged as no other candidate has filed a candidacy before the official campaign start on September 14.
• September 26 – Shinzo Abe succeeds Sadakazu Tanigaki as president of the Liberal Democratic Party.
• October 1 – Prime minister Yoshihiko Noda reshuffles his cabinet for the third time; newly appointed justice minister Keishū Tanaka soon faces calls to resign over a report about an political donation from a foreigner and contacts to Yakuza members.
• October 21 – Niigata governor Hirohiko Izumida, supported by the major non-communist parties, is reelected for a third term against Communist challenger Shijio Hiwatashi and perennial Smile Party candidate Mac Akasaka.
• October 28 – Gubernatorial elections in Okayama and Toyama and by-election for the House of Representatives in Kagoshima 3rd district: In Toyama, incumbent Takakazu Ishii is reelected for a third term; in Okayama, former Tenmaya department store president Ryūta Ibaragi succeeds retiring Masahiro Ishii; Kazuaki Miyaji wins the by-election to replace Tadahiro Matsushita, further reducing prime minister Noda's coalition majority after a string of defections.
• November 18 – In the Tochigi gubernatorial election, incumbent Tomikazu Fukuda is reelected for a third term.
• December 2 – The Sasago road tunnel in Yamanashi Prefecture collapses, resulting in 9 fatalities and 2 injuries.
• December 16 – Liberal Democratic Party and Kōmeitō win a two-thirds majority of seats in the 46th general election of members of the House of Representatives, Naoki Inose wins the Tokyo gubernatorial election, referendum for ten judges on the Supreme Court, by-elections for several prefectural assemblies.

  Predicted and scheduled events

Electoral calendar

• December 26 – Designation election of the prime minister in the National Diet

  Administrative mergers and status changes

• October 1 – Shiraoka town, South Saitama County, Saitama becomes a city.

  Television

Films

Deaths

January

• January 2: Yoshiro Hayashi, 89, golfer

  February

• February 16: Chikage Awashima, 87, actress

  March

• March 29: Yasuaki Uwabe, 48, perpetrator of the Shimonoseki Station massacre.

  May

• May 29: Kaneto Shindo, 100, film director

  July

• July 9: Isuzu Yamada, 95, actress

  September

• September 10: Tadahiro Matsushita, 73, politician
• September 16: Shinichi Nishimiya, 60, diplomat, Ambassador-designate to China.