2000 Herschel


2000 Herschel, provisional designation, is a stony Phocaea asteroid and a tumbling slow rotator from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter. It was discovered 29 July 1960, by German astronomer Joachim Schubart at Sonneberg Observatory in eastern Germany. The S-type asteroid has a long rotation period of 130 hours. It was named after astronomer William Herschel.

Orbit and classification

Herschel is a member of the Phocaea family, a large family of stony asteroids with nearly two thousand known members. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.7–3.1 AU once every 3 years and 8 months. Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.30 and an inclination of 23° with respect to the ecliptic. It was first identified as at Johannesburg Observatory in 1934, extending the body's observation arc by 26 years prior to its official discovery observation at Sonneberg.
The relatively high orbital eccentricity of this object causes it to come close to the orbit of the planet Mars. This means there is a chance it will eventually collide with the planet, with the odds of a collision estimated at 18% per billion orbits.

Naming

This minor planet was named in honour of the English astronomer of German origin William Herschel, who discovered what he called Georgium Sidus. The official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 15 October 1977. While the minor planet with number "1000", 1000 Piazzia, honors the discoverer of the first minor planet, Giuseppe Piazzi, number "2000" does so for Herschel, discoverer of the first telescopic major planet. The asteroid is one of several early "kilo-numbered" minor planets that were dedicated to renowned scientists or institutions including:
The sequence continues with the asteroids 5000 IAU, 6000 United Nations, 7000 Curie, and , while 9000 Hal and 10000 Myriostos were named based on their direct numeric accordance.

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Herschel is a common S-type asteroid.

Slow rotator and tumbler

Analysis of the lightcurve for this object appears to show that it is tumbling, with rotation occurring about the non-principal axis. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of hours with a high brightness variation of magnitude. This makes it a slow rotator.

Diameter and albedo

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for a stony asteroid of 0.20 and calculates a diameter of 16.71 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.25. According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Herschel measures between 14.768 and 17.385 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1870 and 0.256.