1991 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election


The tenth legislative assembly election of Tamil Nadu was held on 24 June 1991. The Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamIndian National Congress alliance won the elections in a landslide and ADMK leader J. Jayalalithaa became the chief minister. This was her first term in office. The united strength of ADMK, the alliance with the Congress and the wave of public sympathy in the wake of Rajiv Gandhi assassination combined together to produce a massive victory for the ADMK.

Background

President's rule

On 30 January 1991, the DMK government which had come to power after winning the 1989 assembly election, was dismissed by the Indian Prime minister Chandra Shekhar using Article 356 of the Indian Constitution. President's rule was imposed on Tamil Nadu from 31 January. The reason cited for the dismissal was the deterioration of law and order in the state. The dismissal followed pressure on the Chandra Shekhar government by the Congress and ADMK to dismiss the DMK government. The Chandra Shekhar government fell on March 1991 after the Congress withdrew its outside support. Fresh elections for both the Indian parliament and Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly were scheduled for June 1991.

Unification of ADMK

The ADMK which had contested and lost the 1989 elections as two different factions reunited under the leadership of Jayalalitha in February 1989. The Janaki Ramachandran faction merged with the Jayalalitha faction to form a single united party and Janaki retired from politics. The reunited party regained the popular "Two Leaves" symbol of the ADMK.. The united ADMK was able to prove its strength immediately by winning the elections held for two constituencies -Marungapuri and Madurai East on 11 March 1989..The ADMK then allied with the Congress for the 1989 Parliamentary elections. The ADMK-Congress alliance won 38 of the 39 Lok Sabha seats in that election routing the DMK-Janata Dal led National Front.

Formation of PMK

The 1991 elections was the first state elections contested by the Pattali Makkal Katchi, a labour class based party. S. Ramadoss, the leader of the Vanniyar caste organisation which demanded proportional reservation in education and employment based on population ratio of each community – the Vanniyar Sangam converted into a political party and entered electoral politics with the 1989 parliamentary elections. The emergence of PMK cut into the DMK's political base in the northern districts of Tamil Nadu.

Formation of TMK

In 1991, the Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam was formed by the actor-politician Vijaya T. Rajendar after he split from the DMK. Later, some of the second rung leaders of the ADMK including Su. Thirunavukkarasar, K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran, S. D. Ugamchand, V. Karuppasamy Pandian split from the party. For the 1991 elections they formed a pact with T. Rajendar and contested as TMK candidates.

Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi

On 21 May 1991, leader of the Indian National Congress and its prime ministerial candidate for the 1991 general elections was assassinated by a LTTE suicide bomber. The assassination took place at a campaign meeting at Sriperumpudur where he was campaigning for the Congress candidate Maragatham Chandrasekar.

Coalitions

The two main political formations in this election were the DMK and ADMK led fronts. The DMK coalition comprised the Communist Party of India, Communist Party of India , Janata Dal and Thayaga Marumalarchi Kazhagam. The ADMK front had only two major parties – itself and the Congress. The ADMK also backed the ICS candidate Sanjay Ramasamy in the Virudhunagar constituency. Several smaller parties like the PMK contested the elections alone.

Seat allotments

DMK Front

AIADMK Front

Voting and results

The polling for the state assembly elections were held simultaneously with the polling for the 1991 Parliamentary elections on 24 June 1991. The voter turnout was 63.92%.

Results by Pre-Poll Alliance

Constituency wise results

Assembly ConstituencyWinnerPartyRunner-upPartyMargin
Acharapakkam E. RamakrishnanADMKM. JayapalDMK24,725
AlandurS. AnnamalaiADMKPammal NallathambiDMK34,911
AlangulamS. S. RamasubbuINCS. GurunathanDMK31,150
AlangudiS. ShanmuganathanADMKS. ChitrarasuDMK49,701
AmbasamudramR. Murugaiah PandianADMKS. ChellappaCPM29,214
AnaicutK. DharmalingamADMKS. P. KannanDMK35,533
Andhiyur V. PeriasamyADMKRadha RukmaniDMK31,062
AndimadamK. R. ThangarajuINCM. GnanamoorthyPMK7,672
AndipattiK. ThavasiADMKP. AsaiyanDMK42,267
Anna NagarA. ChellakumarINCS. M. RamachandranDMK27,298
Arakkonam Lata PriyakumarINCG. ManiDMK30,982
ArantankiS. ThirunavukkarasuTMKKuzha ChelliahADMK21,421
AravakkurichiMariyamul AsiaADMKMonjanur P. RamasamyDMK20,952
ArcotG. ViswanathanADMKT. R. GajapathiDMK34,273
AriyalurS. ManimegalaiADMKK. ChinnappaDMK23,129
ArniI. R. Jaison JacobADMKE. SelvarasuDMK34,312
AruppukottaiV. G. ManimeghalaiADMKR. M. Shanmuga SundaramDMK19,919
AtturV. TamilarasuADMKA. M. RamasamyDMK36,585
AthoorS. M. DuraiADMKI. PeriyasamyDMK46,097
Avanashi M. SeeniammalADMKM. ArumughamCPI46,149
BargurJ. JayalalithaADMKT. RajendarTMK37,215
BhavaniS. MuthusamyADMKM. C. DuraisamyDMK40,470
BhavanisagarV. K. ChinnasamyADMKO. SubramaniamDMK42,587
BhuvanagiriG. MalligaADMKR. T. Sabapathy MohanDMK20,634
BodinayakkanurV. PanneerselvamADMKG. Ponnu PillaiDMK37,044
ChengalpattuC. D. VaradarajanADMKV. TamilmaniDMK16,798
Chengam P. VeerapandiyanADMKK. MunusamyJD37,617
ChepaukZeenath SheriffdeenINCK. AnbazhaganDMK4,456
CheranmadeviR. Puthunainar AdithanADMKP. H. PandianIND34,468
CheyyarA. DevarajADMKV. AnbazhaganDMK35,955
ChidambaramK. S. AlagiriINCM. R. K. PanneerselvamDMK19,653
ChinnasalemR. P. ParamasivamADMKR. MookkappanDMK39,042
Coimbatore EastV. K. LakshmananINCK. C. KarunakaranCPM17,525
Coimbatore WestK. SelvarajINCM. RamanathanDMK16,498
ColachelA. PauliahINCR. BathakbishnanJD33,015
Coonoor M. KaruppasamyADMKE. M. MahaliappanDMK22,151
CuddaloreP. R. S. VenkatesanINCE. PugazhendhiDMK15,175
CumbumO. R. RamachandranINCP. RamarDMK24,203
Dharapuram P. EswaramurthiADMKT. ShanthakumariDMK37,945
DharmapuriP. PonnusamyINCR. ChinnasamyDMK26,893
DindigulB. NirmalaADMKS. A. ThangarajanCPM44,004
EdapadiK. PalanisamyADMKP. Kolandai GounderPMK41,266
Egmore Parithi ElamvazhuthiDMKD. YasodhaINC1203
ErodeC. ManickamADMKA. GaneshamurthyDMK43,688
GingeeS. S. R. EramasassINCN. RamachandranDMK23,474
GobichettipalayamK. A. SengottaiyanADMKV. P. Shanmugadas UdayaramDMK39,212
GudalurK. R. RajuADMKT. P. KamalatchanCPM12,306
GudiyathamV. DhandaydapaniINCR. ParamasivamCPM34,899
GummidipundiR. SakkubaiADMKK. VenuDMK32,919
HarbourM. KarunanidhiDMKK. SuppuINC890
Harur P. AbaranjiINCP. V. KariyamalPMK42,464
HosurK. A. ManoharanINCB. VenkataswamyJD8,746
IlayangudiM. S. M. RamachandranADMKN. NallasethupathiDMK24,130
JayankondamK. K. ChinnappanINCS. DurairajuPMK16,168
KadaladiV. SathiamoorthyADMKK. KalimuthuDMK29,454
KadayanallurS. Nagoor MeeranADMKSamsudeen alias KathiravanDMK27,710
KalasapakkamM. SundarasamiINCP. S. ThiruvengadamDMK32,944
KancheepuramC. P. PattabiramanADMKP. MurugesanDMK27,266
Kandamangalam V. SubramaniamADMKS. AlaguveluDMK35,280
KangayamJ. JayalalithaADMKN. S. Rajkumar MandradiarDMK33,291
KanyakumariM. AmmamuthuADMKC. KrishnanDMK34,359
KapilamalaiP. SaraswathiADMKS. MoorthyDMK43,853
KaraikudiM. KarpagamADMKC. T. ChidambaramDMK38,311
KarurM. ChinnasamyADMKM. VasukiDMK44,092
KatpadiK. M. KalaiselviADMKDurai MuruganDMK26,139
Kattumannarkoil N. R. RajendiranADMKG. VetriveeranPMK26,318
KaveripattinamK. P. MunusamyADMKV. C. GovindasamyDMK47,236
KilliyurD. KumaradasJDPon. Robert SinghINC1,168
KinathukadavuN. S. PalanisamyADMKK. KandasamyDMK32,566
Kolathur S. KulandaiveluADMKV. RajuTMK65,312
KovilpattiR. ShyamalaADMKL. AiyalusamyCPI28,251
Krishnarajapuram A. ArivalaganADMKR. NatarajanDMK56,436
KulittalaiA. Pappa SundaramADMKS. P. SethuramanDMK47,341
KumbakonamR. EramanathanADMKS. KumarasamyJD36,309
KrishnagiriK. MunivenkatappanADMKT. H. Mushtaq AhmedDMK39,968
KurinjipadiK. SivasubramanianADMKN. GaneshmoorthyDMK12,471
KuttalamS. AsaimaniADMKKo. Si. ManiDMK22,751
LalgudiJ. LogambalINCK. N. NehruDMK13,517
Madurai CentralA. DeivanayagamINCM. TamilkudimaganDMK20,608
Madurai EastO. S. AmarnathADMKP. M. KumarCPM30,088
Madurai WestS. V. ShanmugamINCPon. MuthuramalingamDMK26,922
MaduranthakamP. ChockalingamADMKS. D. UgamchandTMK18,403
Manamadurai V. M. SubramaniamADMKK. KasilingamDMK38,288
Mangalore S. PuratchimaniINCV. GanesanDMK35,753
MannargudiK. SrinivasanADMKV. VeerasenanCPI7,396
MarungapuriK. PonnusamyADMKN. SelvarajDMK41,904
MayiladuturaiM. M. S. Abul HassanINCA. SenguttuvanDMK23,308
MelmalayanurG. JanakiramanINCR. PanchatcharamDMK26,492
MelurK. V. V. RajamanickamINCN. PalanisamyCPM52,772
MettupalayamL. SulochanaADMKB. ArunkumarDMK41,739
MetturS. SundarambalADMKG. K. ManiPMK26,543
ModakkurichiKavinilavu DharmarajADMKK. ElanchezhiyanDMK36,475
MorappurK. SingaramADMKA. ArunachalamPMK29,504
MudukulathurS. BalakrishnanINCS. John PandianPMK11,044
MugaiyurR. Savithiri AmmalADMKA. G. SampathDMK25,420
MusiriM. ThangavelADMKR. NatarasanDMK31,244
MylaporeT. M. RangarajanADMKNirmala SureshDMK26,696
NagapattinamR. KodimariADMKG. VeeraiyanCPM9,934
NagercoilM. MosesINCS. RetnarajDMK30,052
Namakkal S. AnbalaganADMKR. MayavanDMK49,895
NanguneriV. Natesan PaulrajADMKM. Mani AchiyurDMK44,220
Nannilam K. GopalADMKM. ManimaranDMK17,208
NathamM. Andi AmbalamINCP. ChelliamDMK47,778
NatrampalliR. IndrakumariADMKN. K. RajaDMK47,529
NellikuppamC. DamodharanADMKC. GovindarajanCPM35,108
Nilakkottai A. S. PonnammalINCM. ArivazhaganDMK37,060
OddanchatramA. T. ChellamuthuADMKT. MohanDMK42,464
OmalurC. KrishnanADMKK. SadasivamPMK37,353
OrathanadAlagu ThirunavukkarasuADMKL. GanesanDMK20,880
Ottapidaram S. X. RajamannarADMKC. ChelladuraiDMK27,325
PadmanabhapuramK. LawrenceADMKS. Noor MohammadCPM23,293
PalacodeM. G. SekharADMKK. ArunachalamJD39,259
Palani A. SubburathinamADMKV. BalasekarCPM39,813
PalayamkottaiP. DharmalingamADMKV. Karuppasamy PandianTMK6,891
PalladamK. S. DuraimuruganADMKM. KannappanDMK32,724
PallipetA. Eakambara ReddyINCL. S. AnnamalaiIND30,740
PanamarathupattiK. RajaramADMKS. R. SivalingamDMK50,355
PanrutiS. RamachandranPMKR. DevasundaramADMK1,122
PapanasamS. RajaramanINCS. KalyanasundaramDMK21,925
Paramakudi S. SundararajADMKN. ChandranCPI38,466
Park TownU. BalaramanINCA. Rahman KhanDMK11,835
PattukkottaiK. BalasubramaniamADMKK. AnnaduraiDMK28,736
PennagaramV. PurushothamanADMKN. M. SubramaniamPMK18,828
Perambalur T. SezhiyanADMKM. DevarajanDMK50,334
Perambur M. P. SekarADMKChengai SivamDMK15,452
PeravuraniR. SingaramINCM. R. GovindhanDMK44,542
PeriyakulamM. PeriyaveeranADMKL. MookiahDMK42,042
PernamallurA. K. SrinivasanADMKG. SubramanianDMK27,172
Pernambut J. ParandamanADMKV. GovindanDMK42,498
PerunduraiV. N. SubramanianADMKT. K. NaliappanCPI53,217
PerurK. P. RajuADMKA. NatarasanDMK29,659
PollachiV. P. ChandrasekarADMKM. N. NachimuthuDMK32,541
PolurT. VediyappanADMKA. RajendranDMK38,625
PongalurS. R. BalasubramaniyamINCP. VijayalakshmiDMK41,062
PoompuharM. PoorasamyADMKM. Mohammad SiddikDMK19,371
Ponneri E. RavikumarADMKK. ParthasarathyDMK41,253
PoonamalleeD. SudarsanamINCD. RajarathnamDMK24,152
PudukkottaiC. SwaminathanINCV. N. ManiDMK43,399
PurasawalkamB. RanganathanINCArcot N. VeerasamyDMK22,832
Radhakrishnan NagarE. MadhusudhananADMKV. RajasekaranJD24,952
RadhapuramRamani NallathambiINCN. SargunarajDMK32,731
Rajapalayam T. SathiahADMKD. DanushkodiDMK31,488
RamanathapuramM. ThennavanADMKM. A. KaderDMK30,369
RanipetN. G. VenugopalADMKM. Abdul LatheefDMK32,872
RasipuramK. PalaniammalADMKB. A. R. ElangovanDMK50,230
RishivandiyamM. GovindarajuADMKM. ThangamDMK33,131
RoyapuramD. JayakumarADMKR. MathivananDMK16,653
SaidapetM. K. BalanADMKR. S. SridharDMK22,762
Salem – IS. R. JayaramanINCG. K. SubashDMK41,094
Salem – IIM. NatesanADMKVeerapandy S. ArumugamDMK39,907
Samayanallur M. KalirajanADMKN. SoundarapandianDMK55,456
Sankarankoil V. GopalakrishnanADMKS. ThangaveluDMK26,848
Sankari V. SarojaADMKR. VaradarajanDMK51,959
SankarapuramC. RamaswamyADMKS. ArunachalamDMK45,078
SathankulamKumari AnanthanINCM. A. Ganesa PandiyanJD35,825
SathyamangalamA. T. SaraswathyADMKT. K. SubramaniamDMK36,938
SatturK. K. S. S. R. RamachandranTMKSannasi KaruppasamyDMK2,239
SedapattiR. MuthiahADMKA. AthiyamanDMK24,469
Sendamangalam K. ChinnasamyADMKS. SivaprakasamTMK55,561
SholavandanA. M. ParamasivanADMKA. M. M. AmbikapathyDMK35,313
SholinghurA. M. MunirathinamINCC. ManickamDMK34,110
SinganallurP. GovindarajADMKR. SengaliappanJD21,970
Sirkazhi T. MoorthyADMKM. PanneerselvamDMK33,984
SivagangaK. R. MuruganandamADMKB. ManoharanDMK45,871
SivakasiJ. BalaganghadaranADMKB. Boopathy RajaramDMK47,726
Sriperumbudur Polur VaradhanINCE. GodandamDMK32,436
SrirangamP. A. KrishnanADMKR. JayabalanJD51,544
SrivaikuntamS. Daniel RajINCS. David SelvinDMK27,314
SrivilliputhurR. TamaraikaniINDR. VinayagamoorthiADMK1,169
Talavasal K. KandasamyINCS. GunasekaranDMK53,447
TambaramS. M. KrishnanINCM. A. VaidialingamDMK46,848
TaramangalamR. PalanisamyINCS. AmmasiPMK8,334
TenkasiS. Peter AlphonseINCS. RamakrishnanDMK36,879
ThalliM. Venkatarama ReddyINCV. Ranga ReddyBJP10,561
ThandarambattuM. K. SundaramADMKD. PonmudiDMK36,863
ThanjavurS. D. SomasundaramADMKS. N. M. UbayadullahDMK19,861
TheniV. R. NedunchezhiyanADMKL. S. R. KrishnanDMK41,300
T. NagarS. JayakumarADMKS. A. GanesanDMK31,313
ThirumangalamT. K. RadhakrishnanADMKR. SaminathanDMK31,262
ThirumayamS. RegupathyADMKRama GovindarasanTMK44,731
ThirunavalurJ. PannerselvamADMKA. V. BalasubramaniyamDMK27,986
ThirupparankundramS. Andi ThevarADMKC. RamachandranDMK30,257
Thiruthuraipundi G. PalanisamyCPIV. VedaiyanINC12,066
ThiruvadanaiRamasamy AmbalamINCSornalingamJD30,536
ThiruvaiyaruP. KaliaperumalADMKDurai ChandrasekaranDMK20,399
ThiruvaramburT. RathinavelADMKPappa UmanathCPM26,522
Thiruvarur V. ThambusamyCPMM. RamasamyINC5,247
ThiruvattarR. NadesanINCJ. HemachandranCPM16,829
ThiruvidaimarudhurN. PanneerselvamINCS. RamalingamDMK25,131
ThiruvonamK. ThangamuthuADMKM. RamachandranDMK34,968
ThondamuthurC. AranganayagamADMKU. K. VellingiriCPM47,144
ThottiamN. R. SivapathiADMKK. KannaiyanDMK52,726
Thousand LightsK. A. KrishnaswamyADMKM. K. StalinDMK16,981
TindivanamS. PanneerselvamINCR. MasilamaniDMK19,035
TiruchendurA. ChelladuraiADMKA. S. PandianDMK22,648
TiruchengodeT. M. SelvaganapathiADMKV. RamasamyCPM78,659
Tiruchy – IS. ArokiasamyADMKA. MalaramannanDMK14,935
Tiruchy – IIG. R. Mala SelviADMKAnbil PoyyamozhiDMK20,544
TirunelveliD. VeliahADMKA. L. SubramanianDMK30,285
Tiruppattur A. K. C. SundarvelADMKB. SundaramDMK35,904
Tiruppattur S. KannappanADMKS. SeventhiappanDMK31,456
Tirupporur M. DhanapalADMKG. ChockalingamDMK30,564
TiruppurV. PalanisamyADMKC. GovindasamyCPM36,641
TiruttaniK. Thanigai Babu alias Rasan babuADMKC. Chiranjeevulu NaiduJD22,192
TiruvallurD. Sakkubai DevarajADMKC. SubramaniDMK26,420
TiruvannamalaiV. KannanINCK. PitchandiDMK28,919
TiruvottiyurK. KuppanADMKT. K. PalanisamyDMK27,322
TriplicaneMohammad AsifADMKNanjil K. ManoharanDMK12,452
TuticorinV. P. R. RameshADMKN. PeriasamyDMK41,395
UdagamandalamH. M. RajuINCH. NatarajDMK25,887
UdumalpetK. P. ManivasagamADMKR. T. MariappanDMK30,272
Ulundurpet M. AnandanADMKPon Mayil VahananDMK45,285
Uppiliapuram V. RavichandranADMKM. SundaravadanamDMK37,356
UsilambattiR. PandiammalADMKP. N. VallarasuFBL3,194
UthiramerurKanchi PanneerselvamADMKK. SundarDMK34,094
Valangiman K. PanchavarnamADMKS. Senthamil ChelvanDMK27,688
Valparai A. SridharanADMKA. T. KaruppiahCPI21,184
Vandavasi C. K. ThamizharasanADMKV. RajagopalDMK29,494
VaniyambadiE. SampathINCA. Abdul HameedDMK19,831
Vanur S. ArumugamADMKN. V. JayaseelanDMK36,469
Varahur E. T. PonnuveluADMKC. ThiyagarajanDMK28,229
Vasudevanallur R. EswaranINCR. KrishnanCPM20,314
VedaranyamP. V. RajendranINCM. Meenakshi SundaramDMK16,868
VedasandurS. GandhirajanADMKP. MuthusamyDMK67,090
VellakoilDurai RamasamyADMKSubbulakshmi JegadeesanDMK29,587
VeerapandiK. ArjunanADMKP. VenkatachalamDMK56,274
VelloreC. GnanasekaranINCA. M. RamalingamDMK23,066
VilathikulamN. C. KanagavalliADMKS. MavelrajDMK21,709
VilavancodeM. SundaradasINCD. MonyCPM11,309
VillivakkamE. KalanINCW. R. VaradarajanCPM46,233
VillupuramD. JanardhananADMKK. Deivasigamoni alias PonmudiDMK17,440
VirudhunagarSanjay RamaswamyICSG. VeerasamyJD19,401
VridachalamR. D. AranganathanADMKA. RajendiranPMK14,297
Yercaud C. PerumalADMKDhanushkodi VedanDMK45,579

Analysis

The ADMK coalition won a massive victory in this election capturing 225 of 234 seats. The DMK coalition was routed with only 7 victories. DMK itself could win only 2 seats including that of its leader M. Karunanidhi. Though Karunanidhi won from the Harbour constituency, he resigned his seat immediately. The victory of ADMK-Congress has been attributed mainly to the sympathy wave following the Rajiv Gandhi assassination. Other factors which helped their victory were the consolidation of the ADMK votes under the unified ADMK party, successful projection by Jayalalitha as the true political heir to M. G. Ramachandran, successful portrayal of DMK as anti-woman and the PMK cutting into the DMK's vote bank in the northern districts. This election saw the first electoral success of the PMK, when its candidate Panruti Ramachandran was elected from the Panruti constituency.

Cabinet

Nedunchezhiyan became the finance minister in Jayalalitha's first Cabinet.