1991 NCAA Division I-A football season
The 1991 NCAA Division I-A football season was the main college football season sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The season began on August 28, 1991, and ended on January 1, 1992. For the second consecutive season, there was a split national championship. Both the Miami Hurricanes and the Washington Huskies finished the season undefeated and with the top ranking in a nationally recognized poll.
Under the conference-bowl selection alignments of the time, the Hurricanes and Huskies could not meet in a decisive title game because Washington was slotted into the Rose Bowl as the Pac-10 champions, and the other spot in the Rose Bowl was automatically given to the Big Ten champions. The Rose Bowl's selection terms later thwarted potential title matchups of undefeated teams following the 1994 and 1997 seasons. Following the 1998 Bowl Championship Series realignment, several Pac-10 and Big Ten teams were able to play in a BCS title game instead of being forced to play a non-title contender in the Rose Bowl; these include the Ohio State Buckeyes in 2002, 2006 and 2007, the USC Trojans in 2004 and 2005 and the Oregon Ducks in 2010.
Miami closed the 1991 season with a 22–0 shutout over No. 11 Nebraska in the Orange Bowl, but their season was defined by a dramatic November victory over then No. 1 ranked and perennial rival Florida State. That game ended with the FSU place kicker missing a field goal, wide right, which would become a theme in the Florida State–Miami football rivalry; this game later took on the moniker "Wide Right I." Nebraska lost to both national champions in 1991 and finished at 9–2–1, ranked No. 15 in the AP poll.
Washington posted a 15-point victory at No. 9 Nebraska in September, a seven-point win at No. 7 California in October, and repeated as Pac-10 champions. They went on to win the Rose Bowl by 20 points over No. 4 Michigan, the Big Ten champions who featured Heisman Trophy winner Desmond Howard; it was Washington's second consecutive Rose Bowl win. Michigan finished at 10–2, ranked at No. 6 in both polls.
The Florida Gators captured their first official SEC title in school history in dominating fashion. Alabama finished second in the SEC with an 11–1 record, but were shutout 35–0 by the Gators. Florida's luck ran out in the Sugar Bowl, as No. 18 Notre Dame powered their way to a 39–28 win.
Conference and program changes
- Independent Florida State joined the ACC in 1991; known primarily as a basketball conference, the ACC would never be the same for football. Dominant from the moment they joined, Florida State went undefeated in conference play for years and won the conference title for the remainder of the 1990s. The Seminoles would begin ACC football play in 1992.
- The Big East Conference began sponsoring football during the 1991 season after adding Miami and other independent teams. Conference play, however, was not fully integrated and official standings were not kept until 1992.
School | 1990 Conference | 1991 Conference |
Boston College Eagles | I-A Independent | Big East |
Miami Hurricanes | I-A Independent | Big East |
Pittsburgh Panthers | I-A Independent | Big East |
Rutgers Scarlet Knights | I-A Independent | Big East |
Syracuse Orangemen | I-A Independent | Big East |
Temple Owls | I-A Independent | Big East |
Virginia Tech Hokies | I-A Independent | Big East |
West Virginia Mountaineers | I-A Independent | Big East |
Rule changes
The NCAA adopted the following rule changes for the 1991 season:- Repealing a rule change from 1959, the width of the goal posts were shortened from 23 feet, 4 inches to 18 feet, 6 inches, matching the NFL width. The hashmarks did not change from their position of 53 feet, 4 inches apart, causing drastically difficult angles for field-goal attempts.
- Offensive holding, illegal use of hands, and clipping penalties committed behind the line of scrimmage will be enforced from the spot of the foul, rescinding a 1982 rule that enforced those penalties from the previous spot.
- When kickoffs and free kicks go out of bounds untouched in the field of play, the receivers have the option to put the ball in play 30 yards from the spot of the kick, in addition to the two other options.
- When a fumble occurs anywhere in the field of play on fourth down, only the fumbling player can recover and/or advance the fumble. If a teammate recovers the fumble, the ball is dead at the spot of the fumble, unless the recovery was made behind the spot of the fumble, in which case the ball is dead at the spot of recovery. This mirrors the NFL's "Stabler fumble rule" adopted in 1979 after the "Holy Roller" game.
- After numerous taunting incidents in the 1991 Cotton Bowl, unsportsmanlike conduct penalties will be enforced for any taunting acts and individual celebrations in the field of play.
- Teams attempting the "fumblerooski" must inform the referee of their intentions before the play. If a team fails to do this, they are penalized five yards.
Conference standings
#1 and #2 progress
In the pre-season poll, Florida State was ranked #1 with 54 of the 59 votes cast, Michigan was 2nd, and Miami 3rd. As of the September 10th poll, Florida State remained the overwhelming choice for #1 and Miami reached #2. Those two Sunshine State teams would continue to be 1 and 2 as their November 16 meeting approached. On November 16th in Tallahassee, the long-awaited #1 & #2 showdown had the 10-0 Seminoles hosting the 8-0 Hurricanes. Visiting Miami won, 17-16 to take the top spot. In the Pacific Northwest, Washington won its Apple Cup game by 35 points on November 23 and finished the regular season at 11-0; the Huskies took over the #2 spot in the final two polls of the regular season.In the coaches poll, Florida State and Miami opened up the season 1-2 and remained that way until Miami's win on November 16 put the Hurricanes #1 and allowed the Huskies to move to #2. After the end of the regular season, the coaches moved the Washington Huskies to the #1 ranking. They would keep the top spot after their Rose Bowl win over Michigan to split the National Title.
Bowl games
- : #1 Miami 22, #11 Nebraska 0
- Rose Bowl: #2 Washington 34, #4 Michigan 14
- Sugar Bowl: #18 Notre Dame 39, #3 Florida 28
- : #5 Florida State 10, #9 Texas A&M 2
- : #6 Penn State 42, #10 Tennessee 17
- : #20 Oklahoma 48, #19 Virginia 14
- : #14 California 37, #13 Clemson 13
- Hall of Fame Bowl: #16 Syracuse 24, #25 Ohio State 17
- : #22 UCLA 6, Illinois 3
- Copper Bowl: Indiana 24, Baylor 0
- Holiday Bowl: BYU 13, #7 Iowa 13
- : #22 Tulsa 28, San Diego State 17
- : #12 East Carolina 37, #21 NC State 34
- : #8 Alabama 30, #15 Colorado 25
- : Air Force 38, Mississippi State 15
- Aloha Bowl: Georgia Tech 18, #17 Stanford 17
- : #24 Georgia 24, Arkansas 15
- : Bowling Green 28, Fresno State 21
Final rankings
AP Poll
- Miami
- Washington
- Penn State
- Florida State
- Alabama
- Michigan
- Florida
- California
- East Carolina
- Iowa
- Syracuse
- Texas A&M
- Notre Dame
- Tennessee
- Nebraska
- Oklahoma
- Georgia
- Clemson
- UCLA
- Colorado
- Tulsa
- Stanford
- Brigham Young
- North Carolina State
- Air Force
Coaches Poll
- Washington
- Miami
- Penn State
- Florida State
- Alabama
- Michigan
- California
- Florida
- East Carolina
- Iowa
- Syracuse
- Notre Dame
- Texas A&M
- Oklahoma
- Tennessee
- Nebraska
- Clemson
- UCLA
- Georgia
- Colorado
- Tulsa
- Stanford
- Brigham Young
- Air Force
- North Carolina State
Heisman Trophy voting
- Desmond Howard, Michigan, Jr. - WR-KR
- Casey Weldon, Florida State, Sr. - QB
- Ty Detmer, BYU, Sr. - QB -
- Steve Emtman, Washington, Jr. - DT
- Shane Matthews, Florida, Jr. - QB
- Vaughn Dunbar, Indiana, Sr. - TB
- Jeff Blake, East Carolina, Sr. - QB
- Terrell Buckley, Florida State, Jr. - DB
- Marshall Faulk, San Diego State, Fr. - RB
- Bucky Richardson, Texas A&M, Sr. - QB
Other major awards
- Maxwell - Desmond Howard, Michigan
- Camp - Desmond Howard, Michigan
- Butkus - Erick Anderson, Michigan
- Lombardi - Steve Emtman, Washington
- Outland - Steve Emtman, Washington
- AFCA Coach of the Year - Bill Lewis, East Carolina
- FWAA Coach of the Year - Don James, Washington