1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries


The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention held from August 11 to August 14, 1980, in New York City.
Carter faced a major primary challenger in Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts, who won 12 contests and received more than seven million votes nationwide, enough for him to refuse to concede the nomination until the second day of the convention. This remains the last election in which an incumbent president's party nomination was still contested going into the convention.

Primary race

At the time, Iran was experiencing a major uprising that severely damaged its oil infrastructure and greatly weakened its capability to produce oil. In January 1979, shortly after Iran's leader Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi fled the country, lead Iranian opposition figure Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned from a 14-year exile and installed an Islamist régime that was hostile towards the United States. The damage that resulted from Khomeini's rise to power would soon be felt throughout many American cities. In the spring and summer of 1979 inflation was on the rise and various parts of the country were experiencing energy shortages. The gas lines last seen just after the Arab/Israeli war of 1973 were back and President Carter was widely blamed.
President Carter's approval ratings were very low—28% according to Gallup, with some other polls giving even lower numbers. In July Carter returned from Camp David and announced a reshuffling of his cabinet on national television, giving a speech whose downcast demeanor resulted in it being widely labelled the "malaise speech." While the speech caused a brief upswing in the president's approval rating, the decision to dismiss several cabinet members was widely seen as a rash act of desperation, causing his approval rating to plummet back into the twenties. Some Democrats felt it worth the risk to mount a challenge to Carter in the primaries. Although Hugh Carey and William Proxmire decided not to run, Senator Edward M. Kennedy finally made his long-expected run at the presidency.
Ted Kennedy had been asked to take his brother Robert’s place at the 1968 Democratic National Convention and had refused. He ran for Senate Majority Whip in 1969, with many thinking that he was going to use this as a platform for the 1972 race. However, then came the notorious Chappaquiddick incident that killed Kennedy's car passenger Mary Jo Kopechne. Kennedy subsequently refused to run for president in 1972 and 1976. Many of his supporters suspected that Chappaquiddick had destroyed any ability he had to win on a national level. Despite this, in the summer of 1979, Kennedy consulted with his extended family, and that fall, he let it leak out that because of Carter’s failings, 1980 might indeed be the year he would try for the nomination. Gallup had him beating the president by over two to one, but Carter remained confident, famously claiming at a June White House gathering of Congressmen that if Kennedy ran against him in the primary, he would "whip his ass."
Kennedy's official announcement was scheduled for early November. A television interview with Roger Mudd of CBS a few days before the announcement went badly, however. Kennedy gave an "incoherent and repetitive" answer to the question of why he was running, and the polls, which showed him leading the President by 58–25 in August now had him ahead 49–39. Meanwhile, U.S. animosity towards the Khomeini régime greatly accelerated after 52 American hostages were taken by a group of Islamist students and militants at the U.S. embassy in Tehran and Carter's approval ratings jumped in the 60-percent range in some polls, due to a "rally ‘round the flag" effect and an appreciation of Carter's calm handling of the crisis. Kennedy was suddenly left far behind. Carter beat Kennedy decisively in Iowa and New Hampshire. Carter decisively defeated Kennedy everywhere except Massachusetts, until impatience began to build with the President's strategy on Iran. When the primaries in New York and Connecticut came around, it was Kennedy who won.
Momentum built for Ted Kennedy after Carter's attempt to rescue the hostages on April 25 ended in disaster and drew further skepticism towards Carter's leadership ability. Nevertheless, Carter was still able to maintain a substantial lead even after Kennedy won the key states of California and New Jersey in June. Despite this, Kennedy refused to drop out, and the 1980 Democratic National Convention was one of the nastiest on record. On the penultimate day, Kennedy conceded the nomination and called for a more liberal party platform in what many saw as the best speech of his career. On the stage on the final day, Kennedy for the most part ignored Carter.
As of 2023, Kennedy remains the last challenger to defeat an incumbent in one of his/her party's presidential primaries.

Candidates

Nominee

Withdrew during primaries or convention

Also withdrew during primaries

Statewide contest by winner

Results by state
Jimmy CarterTed KennedyJerry BrownLyndon LaRoucheCliff FinchRichard KayUnpledgedOthers
January 21Iowa caucuses59.16%31.23%----9.61%-
February 10Maine caucuses43.6%40.2%13.9%---2.4%-
February 26New Hampshire47.08%37.30%9.60%2.08%-0.51%-3.45%
March 4Massachusetts28.70%65.07%3.47%---2.17%0.59%
March 4Vermont *73.08%25.53%0.90%0.02%---0.48%
March 11Alabama81.59%13.22%4.01%---0.70%0.49%
March 11Florida60.69%23.20%4.87%--1.75%9.50%-
March 11Georgia88.04%1.89%0.13%0.36%0.22%0.96%-
March 16Puerto Rico51.67%48.04%0.19%----0.10%
March 18Illinois65.01%29.96%3.26%1.60%---0.17
March 25Connecticut41.47%46.92%2.56%2.67%--6.37%-
March 25New York406,305
41.08%		582,757
58.92%		------
April 1Kansas56.63%31.62%4.87%-0.32%--0.81%
April 1Wisconsin56.17%30.10%11.83%1.10%0.29%-0.43%0.08%
April 5Louisiana55.74%22.52%4.68%-3.11%0.94%11.60%1.42%
April 22Pennsylvania45.40%45.68%2.34%---5.82%0.78%
April 22Vermont caucuses32%45%----23%-
April 26Michigan caucuses46.68%48.08%----5.24%-
May 3Texas55.93%22.81%2.58%---18.68%-
May 6Washington D.C.36.94%61.67%-1.39%----
May 6Indiana67.68%32.32%------
May 6North Carolina70.09%17.73%2.91%---9.28%-
May 6Tennessee75.22%18.07%1.90%0.31%0.56%-3.91%0.01%
May 13Nebraska46.87%37.58%3.56%0.76%--10.42%0.81%
May 13Maryland47.48%37.96%3.00%0.92%1.03%-9.62%-
May 20Oregon56.83%31.22%9.37%----2.57%
May 20Michigan caucuses **--29.38%11.41%--46.40%12.81%
May 27Arkansas60.09%17.52%--4.34%-18.05%-
May 27Idaho62.17%21.96%4.12%---11.76%-
May 27Kentucky66.92%22.96%--1.05%1.09%8.00%-
May 27Nevada37.58%28.82%----33.60%-
June 3California37.64%44.80%4.04%2.13%--11.38%-
June 3Montana51.46%36.65%----11.89%-
June 3New Jersey37.87%56.18%----3.48%2.48%
June 3New Mexico41.80%46.26%-3.01%2.82%-6.11%-
June 3Ohio51.06%44.16%-2.97%-1.81%--
June 3Rhode Island25.85%68.30%0.81%3.03%--2.01%-
June 3South Dakota45.45%48.60%----5.95%-
June 3West Virginia62.18%37.82%------

* Vermont delegates selected via caucus process beginning April 22

** Michigan delegates selected via caucus process beginning April 26

Popular vote

Primaries total popular vote
Jimmy Carter
Ted Kennedy
Presidential tally
In the vice presidential roll call, Mondale was re-nominated with 2,428.7 votes to 723.3 not voting and 179 scattering.